45 articles
Agrigentum inscription
The Agrigentum inscription is a Punic dedication on stone found in the tophet of Salammbô at Carthage, commemorating the Carthaginian capture of the Sicilian Greek city of Akragas (Agrigentum) in 406 BC.
Ain Nechma inscriptions
The Ain Nechma inscriptions are Neo-Punic votive stelae from Aïn Nechma in the territory of ancient Calama (modern Guelma), northeastern Algeria, dating between 146 BC and 200 CE and including a dedication to Baal Hammon.
Balearic slingers
The Balearic slingers were inhabitants of the Balearic Islands, judged the finest slingers of the ancient world, serving as mercenaries under Carthage from the mid-6th century BC and later under Rome.
Barcid dynasty
The Barcids, also known as the Barcid family, were the Carthaginian family of Hamilcar Barca and his son Hannibal, who ruled Carthaginian Spain and fought Rome from 237 to 202 BC.
Carthaginian coinage
Carthaginian coinage, also known as Punic coinage, is the coinage of Carthage, first struck around 410 BC to pay mercenaries in Sicily, with signature types including a horse, palm tree, and the goddess Tanit.
Carthaginian mercenary system
Carthage's system of raising armies from hired foreign troops and paid subject levies rather than citizen soldiers, which collapsed into the Mercenary War of 241 to 238 BC.
Carthaginian mother goddess inscription
The Carthaginian mother goddess inscription, cataloged as KAI 88, is a Punic votive stele from Carthage in which a woman dedicates a stone to Tanit and Ba'al Hammon.
Carthaginian navy
The Carthaginian navy was the citizen-manned fleet of Carthage, built around the quinquereme and based in a circular war harbor; defeat by Rome in the First Punic War ended its supremacy.
Carthaginian slaughterhouse inscription
The Carthaginian slaughterhouse inscription, better known as the Carthage Tariff (KAI 74), is a large Punic limestone inscription from Carthage fixing the fees priests could charge for sacrifices.
Carthaginian tombstones
Carthaginian tombstones are Punic funerary stelae and epitaphs from the necropoleis of Carthage, in present-day Tunisia, spanning the city's Punic period from about 800 BCE to the Roman destruction in 146 BCE.
Constitution of Carthage
The constitution of Carthage was the ancient city's system of government, described by Aristotle in his Politics as a mixed constitution rivaling Sparta and Crete.
Council of 104
The Council of 104, also called the Court of 104, was Carthage's high tribunal, judging generals and magistrates after office, with penalties up to crucifixion.
Council of Elders (Carthage)
The Council of Elders, or Adirim, was Carthage's aristocratic senate, one of the three main offices of its constitution alongside the suffetes and the Hundred and Four.
Falbe Punic inscriptions
The Falbe Punic inscriptions are two Punic votive stelae from Carthage held in Copenhagen's Nationalmuseet, named for Christian Tuxen Falbe, who sent casts of Punic inscriptions to Europe in the 1830s.
Guelaât Bou Sbaâ Neopunic inscriptions
The Guelaât Bou Sbaâ inscriptions are Neo-Punic texts from a site near Guelma, Algeria, the ancient Numidian city of Calama, cataloged in the Handbook of Neo-Punic Inscriptions.
Hadrumetum Punic inscriptions
The Hadrumetum Punic inscriptions are Punic votive stelae from Hadrumetum, modern Sousse, Tunisia, dedicated to Tanit and Baal Hammon and known through the texts KAI 97, 98, and 99.
Ksour Essef cuirass
The Ksour Essef cuirass, or Punic cuirass of Ksour Essef, is a gilded bronze anatomical cuirass of Greek type found in a Punic tomb in Tunisia in 1909.
Libyphoenicians
The Libyphoenicians (Greek Λιβυφοίνικες) were Punic-descended communities of Carthage's North African coast in Byzacium and Tripolitana, a mixed Punic and African people who paid tribute to Carthage.
Magonid dynasty
The Magonids, also Magonides, were a Carthaginian family said to hold great power at Carthage from the 6th to the 4th centuries BCE, founded by the commander Mago.
Maktar and Mididi inscriptions
The Maktar and Mididi inscriptions are a corpus of about 97 Neo-Punic stelae from Tunisia, dating from the reign of Augustus to the second century AD.
Mizreh
The mizreh (Punic mrzḥ, plural mizrehim) was a constituted body or association in Carthaginian society, attested in inscriptions including the Marseilles Tariff and the Maktar inscription, and compared to a Roman collegium.
Neo-Punic inscriptions
Neo-Punic inscriptions are Punic-language texts in the Neo-Punic script, used in the western Mediterranean after Carthage's destruction in 146 BC and attested into the 3rd century AD.
Persephone Punic stele
The Persephone Punic stele is a Carthaginian votive stele from the tophet sanctuary of Salammbô at Carthage, tied to the cult of Demeter and Persephone.
Pricot de Sainte-Marie steles
The Pricot de Sainte-Marie steles are over 2,000 Punic votive steles dug up at Carthage in 1874–1875, most salvaged after the ship carrying them sank at Toulon.
Priesthood of Tanit at Carthage
The priesthood of Tanit at Carthage served the goddess Tanit and Baal Hammon, known chiefly from tophet inscriptions of the 4th to 2nd centuries BCE.
Punic law
Punic law, also called Carthaginian law, is the legal order of ancient Carthage, headed by two annually elected suffetes and overseen by a 104-member tribunal that judged commanders.
Punic passages of the Poenulus
The Punic passages of the Poenulus are Punic-language texts Plautus embedded in Act 5 of his comedy Poenulus, spoken by the Carthaginian merchant Hanno searching for his lost children.
Punic people
The Punic people, known to the Romans as Carthaginians, were the people of Carthage in North Africa, from the city's founding in 814 BC to its destruction by Rome in 146 BC.
Punic religion
Punic religion, also called Carthaginian religion, was the polytheistic religion of Carthage and the western Phoenicians until the city's destruction in 146 BCE, centered on the gods Baal Hammon and Tanit and the tophet sanctuary.
Punic Tabella Defixionis
The Punic Tabella Defixionis (KAI 89) is a 3rd-century-BC lead curse tablet from Carthage, found in 1899, the only legible curse tablet from the city before Roman rule.