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Forced relocation of the Qiang into the interior
The forced relocation of the Qiang into the interior (羌人内迁) was the Eastern Han policy of settling Qiang tribes inside the empire, which ended in the great Qiang rebellions.
Forced resettlement of Lao after Anouvong's rebellion
The forced resettlement of Lao after Anouvong's rebellion was Siam's mass deportation of Lao across the Mekong after crushing Chao Anouvong's 1827–1828 revolt, moving several hundred thousand people.
Forced suicide of Fusu and death of Meng Tian
The forced suicide of Fusu and death of Meng Tian (扶苏自杀、蒙恬之死) came through Zhao Gao's Sand Dunes scheme after the First Emperor died, letting Huhai take the throne.
Ford Collection sarcophagi
The Ford Collection sarcophagi are a group of 23 Phoenician anthropoid marble sarcophagi found in 1901 in the necropolis of Ain el-Helwé near Sidon, Lebanon, and kept today in the National Museum of Beirut.
Foreign campaigns of the Russian army
The Foreign campaigns of the Russian army (Заграничные походы русской армии) of 1813–1814, fought with the Sixth Coalition, ended with the capture of Paris and Napoleon's abdication.
Foreign government advisors in Meiji Japan
Oyatoi gaikokujin (お雇い外国人) were European and American advisors hired by the shogunate, the Meiji government, and private firms to import Western technology and institutions; about 520 government hires peaked in 1874–75 at 33.7% of the budget, and the system ended in 1899.
Foreign imperialism in China
Foreign imperialism in China: Western and Japanese dominance imposed through unequal treaties (1842–1917), the Opium Wars, treaty ports, and extraterritorial enclaves, ending with the Communist victory in 1949.
Foreign interventions by the United States
Foreign interventions by the United States: overseas uses of American military force from 1798 to today, authorized by 11 declarations of war, roughly 50 AUMFs, or presidential authority, shaped by the 1973 War Powers Resolution and tracked by the MIP dataset.
Forensic anthropology
Forensic anthropology applies skeletal analysis to medicolegal identification, producing a biological profile of sex, age, ancestry, and stature. Key facts: FADAMA casework accuracy 83-98%; AAFS Anthropology Section 1972; ABFA certification 1977; growing OSAC/ASB standards.
Forest swastika
Forest swastika: a 1938 plantation of about 100 larches forming a 60-by-60-meter swastika in a pine forest near Zernikow, Brandenburg, Germany; rediscovered in 1992, thinned in 1995, and removed by felling 25 trees in December 2000.
Formation of the Preobrazhensky and Semyonovsky regiments
The formation of the Preobrazhensky and Semyonovsky regiments (Создание потешных полков) transformed Peter I's childhood amusement troops, begun in 1683 near Moscow, into the founding units of the Russian Guard.
Formation of the samurai
The formation of the samurai is the emergence of Japan's warrior class, the bushi, between the ninth and twelfth centuries, culminating in Minamoto no Yoritomo's Kamakura government in 1185.
Formation of the USSR
The Formation of the USSR (Образование СССР) was the union of Russia, Ukraine, Belorussia, and Transcaucasia into a single state, proclaimed in Moscow on 30 December 1922.
Former Liang
Former Liang (前涼) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms ruled by the Zhang clan over the Hexi region of northwestern China from 301, with its capital at Guzang.
Former Qin
Former Qin (前秦) was a Sixteen Kingdoms state founded by the Di leader Fu Jian, who made Chang'an his capital after the Shi regime collapsed.
Former Qin's unification of northern China
Former Qin's unification of northern China (前秦統一北方) was the unification of northern China by the Di-led Former Qin under Fu Jian, based at Chang'an, the largest Sixteen Kingdoms territory.
Former Shu
Former Shu (前蜀) was one of the Ten Kingdoms of China's Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, ruling Sichuan and parts of Gansu, Shaanxi, and Hubei from Chengdu.
Former Yan
Former Yan (前燕) was a Sixteen Kingdoms state in northeastern China founded by the Xianbei Murong clan, which claimed the imperial title in 352 and fell in 370.
Formulary of the People's Welfare Pharmacy (Taiping huimin hejiju fang)
The Formulary of the People's Welfare Pharmacy (太平惠民和剂局方) is the Song dynasty's official formulary of ready-made medicines, compiled under Chen Shiwen and revised in 1151.
Fort Ancient
Fort Ancient: an archaeological culture of sedentary maize-farming village peoples of the middle Ohio Valley, A.D. 1000–1750 (Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, West Virginia), contemporaneous with but distinct from Mississippian culture; also the name of a Hopewell-era hilltop earthwork in Ohio, a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Fort Devens
Fort Devens was a U.S. Army installation in Ayer, Harvard, Lancaster, and Shirley, Massachusetts, established 1917, made permanent 1931, closed 1996 under BRAC, now the Devens RFTA and a redeveloped Superfund site.
Fort Hall
Fort Hall, founded 1834 by Nathaniel Wyeth on the Snake River in Idaho, was a fur-trading post and major Oregon Trail supply station, later a U.S. Army post and namesake of the Shoshone-Bannock Fort Hall Reservation.
Fort Kiowa
Fort Kiowa, officially Fort Lookout, was a fur trading post on the Missouri River in South Dakota, active in the mid-1820s. Also a Jedediah Smith and William Ashley expedition base; site excavated in 1950-1951.
Fort William College
Fort William College (फोर्ट विलियम कॉलेज) was a Calcutta academy founded in 1800 by Richard Wellesley to train East India Company civil servants in Indian languages; it was abolished in 1854.
Forty acres and a mule
Forty acres and a mule refers to Sherman's Special Field Orders No. 15 of January 16, 1865, granting freed families possessory title to 40-acre plots on 400,000 acres of coastal land, reversed by President Andrew Johnson in 1865 and central to later reparations debates.
Foundation Charter of the University of Pécs (1367)
The Foundation Charter of the University of Pécs (Pécsi egyetem alapítólevele) was issued by Pope Urban V at Viterbo on 1 September 1367, creating the first university in Hungary.
Foundation figures
Foundation figures are cast copper peg figurines of rulers or deities that Mesopotamian builders buried in temple and palace foundations, above all in Early Dynastic Sumer.
Foundation of Akhetaten
The foundation of Akhetaten was the creation, in year 5 of Akhenaten's reign around 1347 BCE, of a purpose-built royal capital in Middle Egypt, the modern Amarna.
Foundation of Alexandria
The foundation of Alexandria, also called the founding of Alexandria, was Alexander the Great's establishment of the city in 331 BC, which became the Ptolemaic capital.
Foundation of Dur-Sharrukin
The foundation of Dur-Sharrukin was the creation of an entirely new Assyrian capital by King Sargon II, begun in 717 BCE at modern Khorsabad in northern Iraq.