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Juan de Oñate
Juan de Oñate (c. 1550–1626), Zacatecas-born Spanish conquistador, contracted in 1595 to settle New Mexico; founded San Juan de los Caballeros in 1598, punished Acoma by foot amputation, resigned 1607, banished 1609; his statues remain flashpoints.
Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
Juan de Palafox y Mendoza (1600–1659) was a Spanish churchman who served as Bishop of Puebla, visitor-general, and interim viceroy of New Spain in 1642.
Juan de Saavedra
Juan de Saavedra was a Spanish conquistador who took part in the conquest of Chile with Diego de Almagro and named the bay Valparaíso in 1536.
Juan de Solórzano y Pereira
Juan de Solórzano y Pereira (1575–1655) was a Spanish jurist, judge in Lima and councillor of the Indies, whose works on colonial law remained authoritative into the nineteenth century.
Juan de Torquemada
Juan de Torquemada was a Franciscan missionary and historian of New Spain, author of the Monarquía indiana (1615), a monumental study of Mexico's ancient history.
Juan Díaz de Solís
Juan Díaz de Solís was a navigator and chief pilot of Castile who reached the Río de la Plata in 1516 and was killed there by indigenous people.
Juan Egaña
Juan Egaña (1768 to 1836) was a Peruvian-born Chilean jurist and political writer who drafted the 1823 Chilean Constitution, never applied and abolished in 1824.
Juan Francisco Berbeo
Juan Francisco Berbeo (1739–1795) was a Criollo merchant and municipal official of El Socorro, New Granada, who commanded the Comunero revolt of 1781 and negotiated the Capitulations of Zipaquirá.
Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra
Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra was a Spanish naval officer born in Lima who led exploring voyages to Alaska in 1775 and 1779.
Juan Francisco de León
Juan Francisco de León was a Canary Islander cacao planter and local official in Panaquire, Venezuela, who led the 1749–1751 rebellion against the Real Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas's trading monopoly.
Juan Garrido
Juan Garrido was a free African conquistador who fought in the Caribbean and Mexico, including the 1521 fall of Tenochtitlan, and claimed to be the first to sow wheat in New Spain.
Juan Germán Roscio
Juan Germán Roscio (1763–1821) was a Venezuelan ideologue of the independence movement who drafted the 1811 declaration of independence and first constitution, and died as interim Vice-president of Colombia.
Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda
Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda (1490–1573) was a Spanish humanist, translator of Aristotle, and chronicler of Charles V who defended the Spanish conquest against Las Casas at Valladolid in 1550.
Juan Ignacio Molina
Juan Ignacio Molina (1740–1829) was a Chilean Jesuit, expelled in 1767, who spent his life in Italy writing the principal works on Chile's nature and civil history.
Juan José Castelli
Juan José Castelli (1764–1812) was an Argentine lawyer and revolutionary who led the patriot army's political command in the Alto Perú from 1810 to 1811.
Juan José de Vértiz y Salcedo
Juan José de Vértiz y Salcedo (1719–1798) was a Spanish colonial official who governed the Río de la Plata as viceroy from 1778 to 1784, after serving as governor of Buenos Aires.
Juan José Flores
Juan José Flores (1800–1864) was a Venezuelan-born general of the Spanish American wars of independence who became the first president of Ecuador, ruling in three periods from 1830.
Juan María Gutiérrez
Juan María Gutiérrez (1809–1878) was an Argentine statesman, jurist, and poet, the principal drafter of the Constitution of 1853 and foreign minister of the Argentine Confederation.
Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
Juan Martín de Pueyrredón was an Argentine leader who served as Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata from 1816 to 1819.
Juan O'Donojú
Juan O'Donojú was a Spanish army officer of Irish descent who, as the last Spanish ruler of New Spain, signed the Treaties of Córdoba in 1821.
Juan Pablo Duarte
Juan Pablo Duarte (1813–1876) was a Dominican nationalist politician, writer, and military leader who founded La Trinitaria in 1838 and is honored as the Father of the Nation.
Juan Pablo Viscardo y Guzmán
Juan Pablo Viscardo y Guzmán (1748–1798) was a Peruvian Jesuit exiled to Italy who sought British support for Spanish American independence and wrote the Carta a los españoles americanos.
Juan Ponce de León
Juan Ponce de León, Spanish conquistador and governor of Puerto Rico (from 1508), led the 1513 three-ship voyage that named La Florida and the failed 1521 colonization attempt on the Calusa coast.
Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca
Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca (1451–1524) was a Castilian churchman and bishop who directed Spain's colonial enterprise in the Americas from Spain, never crossing the Atlantic.
Juan Santos Atahualpa
Juan Santos Atahualpa was an indigenous and mestizo leader who claimed descent from the last Inca emperor Atahualpa and led the longest indigenous rebellion of colonial Peru, beginning in 1742.
Juan Sumuroy
Juan Sumuroy, a Palapag chieftain in Samar, began the 1649 revolt against Spanish forced labor by killing Father Miguel Ponce Barberan; he died in July 1650.
Juan Vicente Gómez
Juan Vicente Gómez was a Venezuelan general and landowner who ruled Venezuela as dictator from 1908 to 1935, transforming it into the world's second largest oil producer.
Juana Azurduy
Juana Azurduy, also known as Juana Azurduy de Padilla, was an Upper Peruvian guerrilla commander who fought for independence from Spain, promoted to generala by Argentina and Bolivia in 2009.
Juana Manso
Juana Manso, also known as Juana Manso de Noronha, was an Argentine writer and educational reformer who directed Buenos Aires's first coeducational school from 1859.
Juana Manuela Gorriti
Juana Manuela Gorriti (1816–1892) was an Argentine writer, editor, and salon hostess exiled in Bolivia and Peru, author of Sueños y realidades and host of Lima's veladas literarias.