32,049 articles
Muhammad al-Shaybani
Muhammad al-Shaybani (محمد بن الحسن الشيباني) was an Abbasid jurist who served Harun al-Rashid as a judge and helped found the Hanafi school of Islamic law.
Muhammad al-Shaykh
Muhammad al-Shaykh (محمد الشيخ) was a sultan of the Saadian dynasty of Morocco who defeated the ruling Wattasids, conquered Fez and Marrakech, and united the country under Saadian rule.
Muhammad al-Shaykh al-Mahdi
Muhammad al-Shaykh al-Mahdi (أبو زكرياء محمد الشيخ المهدي) was the first sultan of Morocco's Wattasid dynasty, ruling from Fez from 1472 to 1504 and contending with Portuguese occupation of the coast.
Muhammad Ali Jauhar
Muhammad Ali Jauhar, also known as Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, was an Indian Muslim journalist who founded Comrade in 1911 and led the Khilafat delegation to London in 1920.
Muhammad Ali Jouhar
Muhammad Ali Jouhar (محمد علی جوہر), known as Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, was an Indian Muslim activist and journalist who led the Khilafat Movement and founded the weekly Comrade.
Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah
Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah (محمد علی خان ولاجہ) was Nawab of the Carnatic in southern India from 1749 to 1795, winning his throne with British East India Company support.
Muhammad Ali's Administrative Centralization and the 1830s Councils
Muhammad Ali's Administrative Centralization and the 1830s Councils (مجالس محمد علي) were consultative councils created by Muhammad Ali Pasha in Egypt from 1824, reorganized by the 1837 Siyasatname.
Muhammad Ali's Agricultural and Industrial Reforms
Muhammad Ali's Agricultural and Industrial Reforms (إصلاحات محمد علي) were the state-directed economic policies of Muhammad Ali Pasha, who governed Egypt from 1805 and took over land, crops, and manufacturing.
Muhammad Ali's tax and monopoly reforms
Muhammad Ali's tax and monopoly reforms were the fiscal system built in Egypt from 1805, replacing tax farming with direct taxation and state monopolies that financed a modern army and industry.
Muhammad Amin al-Astarabadi
Muhammad Amin al-Astarabadi (محمد امین استرآبادی) was a Shi'i jurist who founded the Akhbari school during the Safavid period; his al-Fawa'id al-madaniya, completed in 1622, rejected ijtihad.
Muhammad Amin Inaq
Muhammad Amin Inaq (Муҳаммад Амин Иноқ; c. 1730 – 1790) was a Qungrat Uzbek tribal chief who became the de facto ruler of the Khanate of Khiva and founded the Qungrat dynasty, which ruled until 1920.
Muhammad Aufi
Muhammad Aufi (محمد عوفی) was a Persian anthologist from Bukhara who fled the Mongol invasion to India and wrote the Lubab al-Albab, the oldest Persian anthology of poets, and the Jawami al-Hikayat.
Muhammad Azam Dedmari
Muhammad Azam Dedmari (خواجه محمد اعظم ددمری; 1691–1765) was a Kashmiri historian, Sufi, and Persian poet from Srinagar, author of Waqiat-i Kashmir, an important source on Kashmir's medieval history.
Muhammad Bahjat al-Baytar
Muhammad Bahjat al-Baytar (محمد بهجة البيطار) was a Damascene scholar, jurist, and historian who founded religious schools in Mecca and Taif for the early Saudi state.
Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji
Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji (محمد بختیار خلجی) was a Turkish Ghurid commander who conquered Bihar and Bengal around 1202 to 1205, founding Muslim rule in Bengal.
Muhammad Baqir Majlisi
Muhammad Baqir Majlisi (محمدباقر مجلسی), known as Allameh Majlisi or Majlisi II, was a Twelver Shiite jurist of Safavid Iran who served as shaykh al-Islam of Isfahan and compiled the hadith encyclopedia Bihar al-anwar.
Muhammad Bayram IV
Muhammad Bayram IV (محمد بيرم الرابع) was a Tunisian Hanafi jurist and hadith scholar who became the first Shaykh al-Islam of Tunis, serving the Husainid beys until his death in 1861.
Muhammad Bello
Muhammad Bello, also known as Muhammadu Bello, was the second ruler of the Sokoto Caliphate in north-western Nigeria, son of founder Usman dan Fodio, reigning from 1817 to 1837.
Muhammad Bey al-Alfi
Muhammad Bey al-Alfi (محمد بك الألفي) was a Mamluk chief in Egypt who led one of two main Mamluk factions after the French campaign and sought British support, dying in 1807.
Muhammad Bey al-Daftardar
Muhammad Bey al-Daftardar (محمد بك الدفتردار) was an Ottoman Egyptian statesman and general, son-in-law of Muhammad Ali Pasha, who led the 1821 conquest of Kordofan and governed Sudan with notorious severity.
Muhammad Farid
Muhammad Farid (محمد فريد) was an Egyptian politician and jurist who led the National Party from 1908, was driven into exile in 1912, and died in Berlin in 1919.
Muhammad Gasa
Muhammad Gasa was the name shared by two brothers who led the Muslim imamate in the Horn of Africa, moving its seat from Harar to Awsa in 1577.
Muhammad Ghaus
Muhammad Ghaus (محمد غوث), a Sufi master of the Shattari order at Gwalior, helped Babur take Gwalior's fort in 1526 and served emperors Babur and Humayun.
Muhammad Hakim Bi
Muhammad Hakim Bi (محمد حکیم بی) was a Bukharan statesman of the Manghit tribe who served Abu'l-Fayz Khan as ataliq and arbitrated Bukhara's 1740 submission to Nadir Shah.
Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi
Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi (محمد حسن النجفي), titled Sahib al-Jawahir, was a Twelver Shia jurist of Najaf, Iraq, who wrote the encyclopedic legal commentary Jawahir al-Kalam.
Muhammad Hayat al-Sindi
Muhammad Hayat al-Sindi (محمد حياة السندي) was a Sindhi hadith scholar who held the teaching chair at the Prophet's Mosque in Medina until his death in 1750.
Muhammad Husain Azad
Muhammad Husain Azad (محمد حسین آزاد), 1830 to 1910, was an Urdu poet and literary historian in Lahore, known for Aab-e-Hayat, the first modern history of Urdu literature.
Muhammad Husayn Haykal
Muhammad Husayn Haykal (محمد حسين هيكل) was an Egyptian novelist, journalist, and politician who wrote Zaynab (1914), long treated as the first mature Arabic novel.
Muhammad I of Granada
Muhammad I of Granada (محمد الأول), known as Ibn al-Ahmar, was the founder and first sultan of the Nasrid dynasty of Granada, ruling from 1232 until his death in 1273.
Muhammad I Tapar
Muhammad I Tapar (Ghiyath ad-Din Mehmed I Tapar) was sultan of the Great Seljuk Empire from 1105 to 1118, ending a civil war with his half-brother Barkiyaruq.