5 articles
Finnic languages
Finnic (Baltic-Finnic) languages: a Uralic branch around the Baltic Sea, including Finnish, Estonian, Karelian, Veps, Ingrian, Votic, Livonian, Ludic. Descended from Proto-Finnic; only Finnish and North Estonian are not endangered.
Finno-Ugric languages
Finno-Ugric languages, the traditional grouping of Uralic languages except Samoyedic, including Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian; term coined by analogy to Indo-Germanic, with ten sub-branches and an increasingly questioned first split from Samoyedic.
Sámi languages
Sámi languages (sámegiella and related names): nine endangered Finno-Ugric languages of the Sámi in Sápmi (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia), descended from Proto-Sámi, with official status under Nordic Sámi language acts and active revitalization efforts.
Ugric languages
Ugric languages: Hungarian plus the Ob-Ugric languages Khanty (Ostyak) and Mansi (Vogul) of Western Siberia. Traditionally a Uralic sub-branch, now debated as possibly a contact Sprachbund; Hungarian has ~13 million speakers, the endangered Ob-Ugric languages a few thousand.
Uralic languages
Uralic languages: a northern Eurasian family of about 25 million speakers including Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian, Saami, and Samoyedic languages; traditionally Finno-Ugric plus Samoyedic, all but three languages endangered, homeland debated near the Urals.