7 articles
Grand juries in the United States
Grand juries in the United States are citizen bodies, 16 to 23 members federally, that decide probable cause for criminal charges by indictment under the Fifth Amendment; secret proceedings, not incorporated against the states.
Hung jury
Hung jury, or deadlocked jury: a jury unable to reach the required voting margin for a verdict, causing a mistrial. Key facts: retrial allowed despite double jeopardy, US unanimity rule, roughly 2.5% federal hung rate.
Jury
Jury: a sworn group of citizens, usually 12, that decides facts and returns a verdict in a trial (also grand jury), and, in a second sense, a panel judging competitions or prizes; from Old French juree, oath.
Jury duty
Jury duty, or jury service, is compulsory civic service as a trial juror. Covers summons and selection from voter and license lists, US federal pay of $50 per day, employer protections, Ontario's $120 daily rate, trust-building effects, and UK 2025 reforms.
Jury nullification
Jury nullification, also called jury veto or jury equity, occurs when jurors acquit a defendant they believe guilty because applying the law would be unjust.
Jury selection
Jury selection (voir dire) is the process of assembling a trial jury from a randomly drawn pool via questionnaires, questioning, and challenges for cause and peremptory challenges, with Batson limits on race-based strikes and ongoing reform debates.
Voir dire
Voir dire, French for "to speak the truth," is the pretrial questioning of prospective jurors by judges or lawyers to determine suitability, and of witnesses such as experts; it leads to challenges for cause and peremptory challenges limited by Batson.