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Criminal law and penal justice

3,576 articles

Thousand Oaks shooting

The Thousand Oaks shooting was a November 7, 2018 mass shooting at the Borderline Bar & Grill in Thousand Oaks, California, in which 12 people died.

Three tramps

The three tramps were Harold Doyle, John Gedney, and Gus Abrams, detained by Dallas police near Dealey Plaza after the JFK assassination on November 22, 1963, and photographed being escorted to the Sheriff's office; missing arrest records fueled conspiracy claims until the records surfaced in 1989.

Three-strikes law

Three-strikes law: habitual-offender sentencing statutes imposing doubled or 25-to-life terms after prior serious or violent felonies; enacted in 24 states and federally, 1993-1995; California's 1994 version (Prop 184, amended by Prop 36 in 2012) was the broadest and most used.

Thug Behram (ठग बहराम)

Thug Behram (ठग बेहराम), also Buhram Jemadar, was a Thuggee gang leader of Oudh, India, recorded by James Paton as present at 931 murders (about 125 by his own hands) between 1790 and 1840, strangled with a coin-weighted yellow rumal; the figure and the wider Thuggee narrative are disputed by historians.

Thuggee

Thuggee, the supposed system of ritualized strangulation-robbery of travelers in India, 'discovered' by William Sleeman and suppressed in the 1830s; its reality versus orientalist construction is a major historiographical debate.

Thumbscrew (torture)

Thumbscrew, or thumbikins in Scotland, an early modern European metal vice torture device that crushed thumbs or fingers by turning a screw to force confessions; used until the 1700s, now banned as inherently degrading.

Tiffany Cole

Tiffany Ann Cole (born 1981) is a Florida woman convicted with Michael Jackson, Alan Wade, and Bruce Nixon of the 2005 kidnapping and live burial of James and Carol Sumner; sentenced to death in 2008, sentences vacated in 2017 under Hurst.

Tiger Memon

Tiger Memon (Ibrahim Mushtaq Abdul Razak Memon), Indian fugitive and prime accused mastermind of the 12 March 1993 Bombay serial blasts with Dawood Ibrahim; brother of executed convict Yakub Memon; absconding in Pakistan.

Tijuana Cartel

Tijuana Cartel, or Arellano-Félix Organization (AFO), a Mexican drug trafficking organization based in Tijuana, Baja California; founded from Félix Gallardo's network in 1989, it dominated Baja smuggling before losing the city to the Sinaloa Cartel around 2009-2013 and allying with CJNG.

Timeline of cannabis laws in the United States

Chronology of US cannabis law: El Paso's 1914 ban, California 1915, Marijuana Tax Act 1937, CSA Schedule I 1970, 11-state decriminalization 1973–79, California medical 1996, Colorado–Washington 2012, 2018 Farm Bill hemp, 24 recreational states by 2026.

Timeline of crimes involving the Order of Nine Angles

Timeline of crimes involving the Order of Nine Angles (O9A/ONA), the British satanic neo-Nazi network founded by David Myatt as Anton Long. Covers the 1999 Copeland nail bombings, UK teen terror convictions 2019-2021, Ethan Melzer's 45-year sentence, and 764-era child exploitation cases.

Timeline of events associated with Anonymous

Timeline of the hacktivist collective Anonymous, born on 4chan in 2003: Project Chanology 2008, Operation Payback 2010, LulzSec 2011, arrests 2011-2013, Ferguson 2014, George Floyd 2020, cyber war on Russia 2022.

Timeline of major crimes in Australia

Timeline of major crimes in Australia: chronological record of landmark cases from Ned Kelly's 1880 hanging and Ronald Ryan's 1967 execution through the Chamberlain case, the 1996 Port Arthur massacre and gun reform, to the 2025 Bondi Beach attack.

Timothy Evans

Timothy Evans (20 November 1924 – 9 March 1950), Welshman wrongfully hanged at Pentonville for murdering his daughter at 10 Rillington Place, London; real killer was neighbor John Christie; free pardon 1966, innocence affirmed 2004.

Timothy McCorquodale

Timothy Wesley McCorquodale, Georgia death-row inmate convicted of the 1974 rape-torture murder of Donna Marie Dixon, 17; escaped Reidsville prison in 1980 with Troy Leon Gregg; electrocuted September 21, 1987.

Timothy McVeigh

Timothy James McVeigh (1968–2001), American Gulf War veteran and domestic terrorist, bombed the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City on April 19, 1995, killing 168; convicted 1997, executed 2001.

Timothy White (abduction victim)

Timothy (Timmy) White, kidnapped aged 5 in Ukiah, California, by Kenneth Parnell on 14 February 1980, escaped 1 March 1980 with Steven Stayner, later an LA County sheriff's deputy, died 2010.

Timothy Wilson Spencer

Timothy Wilson Spencer, the Southside Strangler, was an American serial killer who raped and strangled four Virginia women in 1987; the first U.S. murderer convicted and executed on DNA evidence, his case also exonerated David Vasquez.

Tiny Rascal Gang

Tiny Rascal Gang (TRG), or Tiny Rascals Gangsters, a Cambodian-American street gang founded in Long Beach, California in the 1980s; blue and grey colors, rival of the Asian Boyz, active nationwide.

Tiszaeszlár affair

The Tiszaeszlár affair was a blood libel trial held in Hungary in 1882 and 1883, in which local Jews accused of murdering servant girl Eszter Solymosi were acquitted.

Title 18 of the United States Code

Title 18 of the United States Code, "Crimes and Criminal Procedure", is the federal criminal code enacted into positive law on June 25, 1948. It covers most federal crimes, criminal procedure, prisons, and sentencing under 18 U.S.C. § 3551, though many federal crimes lie in other Code titles.

Todd Kohlhepp

Todd Kohlhepp, also called the Amazon Review Killer, is a South Carolina real estate broker and convicted serial killer who killed seven people between 2003 and 2016, confessed to the unsolved 2003 Superbike Motorsports quadruple homicide, and is serving seven consecutive life sentences plus 60 years.

Toforest Johnson

Toforest Johnson (ToForest Onesha Johnson), Alabama death-row prisoner convicted in 1998 for the 1995 murder of Deputy William Hardy; conviction based on a paid, undisclosed earwitness, with the DA and trial prosecutor supporting a new trial.

Tom Hagen

Tom Hagen: fictional consigliere and lawyer of the Corleone crime family in Mario Puzo's The Godfather; Irish-German adopted son of Don Vito, played by Robert Duvall in the first two films, absent from Part III over a salary dispute.

Tom Horn

Tom Horn (c. 1860-1903), American Old West army scout, Pinkerton detective, and Wyoming stock detective, hanged in Cheyenne on November 20, 1903, for the 1901 murder of 14-year-old Willie Nickell; his guilt and 1902 trial remain contested.

Tom Ketchum

Tom "Black Jack" Ketchum (1863–1901), American outlaw and train robber of the Ketchum Gang in Arizona, New Mexico, and West Texas; hanged at Clayton in 1901 for attempted train robbery, decapitated by the rope.

Tommaso Buscetta

Tommaso Buscetta (Palermo 1928 – North Miami 2000), Sicilian Cosa Nostra boss called the 'boss of two worlds', became Italy's most important pentito; his 1984 testimony to Falcone produced 366 arrests and the 1986–87 Maxi Trial.

Tommy Lee Walker

Tommy Lee Walker (1935–1956), a Black Dallas man wrongfully convicted in 1954 of murdering Venice Parker and executed in 1956; exonerated posthumously by Dallas County on January 21, 2026. Distinct from the Ninth Circuit felon-in-possession defendant of the same name.

Tommy Lucchese

Tommy Lucchese (Gaetano Lucchese, 'Three-Finger Brown', 1899–1967), Palermo-born New York Mafia boss who led the Lucchese crime family from 1951, ran garment-district rackets, allied with Carlo Gambino, and died free.

Tommy Lynn Sells

Tommy Lynn Sells, the "Coast to Coast Killer" (1964-2014), was an American drifter and serial killer executed in Texas for the 1999 murder of Kaylene Harris; he claimed up to 70 murders.