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Criminal law and penal justice

3,576 articles

Muhammad Abdul Aziz

Muhammad Abdul Aziz, born Norman 3X Butler, is an American man wrongfully convicted in 1966 of the murder of Malcolm X and exonerated on November 19, 2021.

Mukhtar Ansari

Mukhtar Ansari (Mokhtar), UP gangster-turned-politician from Ghazipur; five-term Mau Sadar MLA, Quami Ekta Dal founder, brother of MP Afzal Ansari, grandson of Congress president Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari; died 28 March 2024 in Banda jail of cardiac arrest.

Mule (smuggling)

A mule, commonly called a drug mule, is a person paid, coerced, or deceived into carrying drugs across an international border, often by swallowing sealed packets, typically cocaine or heroin.

Mule Creek State Prison

Mule Creek State Prison (MCSP) is a California men's prison in Ione, Amador County, opened June 1987 on 866 acres. A Level I-IV CDCR facility, it exclusively housed sensitive needs inmates as of 2014, with design capacity 3,284 and Facilities D and E added in 2016.

Mulford Act

The Mulford Act is a 1967 California law, sponsored by Assemblyman Don Mulford, that banned publicly carrying loaded firearms without a license in response to Black Panther patrols.

Mulholland Falls

Mulholland Falls is a 1996 American neo-noir crime drama directed by Lee Tamahori, starring Nick Nolte as an LA detective whose murder case leads to the Atomic Energy Commission.

Mumia Abu-Jamal

Mumia Abu-Jamal (Wesley Cook, 1954) is an American journalist and Black Panther activist convicted in 1982 of murdering Philadelphia officer Daniel Faulkner; death sentence became life without parole in 2012 after appeals and Amnesty International criticism.

Mungyeong crucifixion case

The Mungyeong crucifixion case (문경 십자가 사건): on May 1, 2011, 58-year-old former taxi driver Kim Jun-bong was found nailed to a cross with a crown of thorns in an abandoned quarry; South Korean authorities ruled it a self-planned suicide with no outside help.

Murder

Murder is the unlawful killing of a person with malice aforethought, a category of homicide distinct from manslaughter. Covers common law definitions, degrees of murder, and global intentional homicide statistics.

Murder of Aaron Howard

Murder of Aaron Howard: 2018 fatal shooting of Aaron Kristopher Howard, 37, of Abilene, Texas, by neighbors Johnnie and Michael Miller over a trash and mattress dispute; 2023 split verdict, conviction affirmed 2025.

Murder of Abby Choi (蔡天凤)

Murder of Abby Choi (蔡天鳳), Hong Kong model and influencer killed February 2023; dismembered remains found in Tai Po; ex-husband Alex Kwong, father-in-law Kwong Kau and brother-in-law charged; trial began 2026.

Murder of Adam Walsh

Murder of Adam Walsh: 1981 abduction of 6-year-old Adam Walsh from a Hollywood, Florida Sears; head found in an Indian River County canal; case closed 2008 naming Ottis Toole, driving Missing Children's Act, NCMEC, Code Adam, and the 2006 Adam Walsh Act.

Murder of Adrianna Hutto

Murder of Adrianna Hutto: 2007 drowning of 7-year-old Adrianna Elaine Hutto in Esto, Florida; mother Amanda Lewis convicted of first-degree murder in 2008 on her 6-year-old son AJ's testimony and disputed bruising evidence, sentenced to life without parole.

Murder of Alesha MacPhail

Murder of Alesha MacPhail: killing of a six-year-old girl abducted from her bed on the Isle of Bute, Scotland, on 2 July 2018 by 16-year-old Aaron Campbell, convicted after a nine-day Glasgow trial and sentenced to a 27-year minimum life term, reduced to 24 years on appeal.

Murder of Alexia Daval

Murder of Alexia Daval: 2017 killing of a 29-year-old French bank adviser by her husband Jonathann Daval near Gray, Haute-Saône; he confessed in January 2018 and received 25 years in 2020.

Murder of Alijah Mullis

Murder of Alijah Mullis: 2008 killing of 3-month-old Alijah Mullis by his father Travis James Mullis near the Galveston, Texas seawall; convicted 2011, executed 2024.

Murder of Allison Baden-Clay

The murder of Allison Baden-Clay: killed by husband Gerard Baden-Clay in Brisbane on 19–20 April 2012, convicted 2014, briefly downgraded to manslaughter in 2015, reinstated by the High Court in 2016.

Murder of Alyssa Otremba

Murder of Alyssa Otremba: 2011 Las Vegas rape and stabbing of a 15-year-old Arbor View High freshman by Javier Righetti, who received a death sentence in 2017 and remains on Nevada death row.

Murder of Amy Mihaljevic

Murder of Amy Mihaljevic: unsolved 1989 kidnapping of a 10-year-old from Bay Village, Ohio, lured by a phone call about a gift for her mother; body found February 8, 1990 in Ashland County; Bay Village police and FBI investigation remains open.

Murder of Amy Yeary

Murder of Amy Yeary, also known as the Fond du Lac County Jane Doe case: unsolved presumed homicide of Amy Marie Yeary, an 18-year-old from Rockford, Illinois, found dead in a Wisconsin creek in 2008 and identified by genetic genealogy in 2021; no arrest made.

Murder of Ana Kriégel

Murder of Ana Kriégel: 14-year-old Russian-born Irish schoolgirl killed 2018 at Glenwood House, Lucan, by two 13-year-old boys (Boy A and Boy B), Ireland's youngest convicted murderers; sentenced 2019, appeals ongoing.

Murder of Andria Brewer

Murder of Andria Brewer: 12-year-old Andria Nichole Brewer (Andi), abducted, raped, and strangled by her uncle Karl Douglas Roberts near Mena, Arkansas, on May 15, 1999; Roberts was sentenced to death in 2000 and his waiver-of-appeals and competency litigation continues.

Murder of Ang May Hong

Murder of Ang May Hong: unsolved 1987 rape-murder of a nine-year-old girl in Jalan Ipoh, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Also known as the Ang May Hong case. Bite marks suggested eight attackers; three suspects were released and no one was ever charged.

Murder of Anita Cobby

Murder of Anita Cobby (Anita Lorraine Cobby, nee Lynch): 1986 abduction, rape, and murder of a 26-year-old Sydney nurse by John Travers, Michael Murdoch, and three Murphy brothers near Blacktown Station; all five received "never to be released" life sentences that shaped NSW sentencing law.

Murder of Anni Dewani

Murder of Anni Dewani: Swedish-born bride, 28, shot in a staged Cape Town carjacking, 13 November 2010. Husband Shrien Dewani was accused of hiring the killers, extradited after a mental-health fight, and acquitted in December 2014.

Murder of Annie Le

The Murder of Annie Le was the 2009 killing of a Yale pharmacology doctoral student by animal research technician Raymond Clark III in New Haven, Connecticut.

Murder of Anthony Walker

Murder of Anthony Walker: racist killing of 18-year-old Black British student Anthony Walker in Huyton, Liverpool, July 2005, by cousins Michael Barton and Paul Taylor; ice axe attack, life sentences, Anthony Walker Foundation.

Murder of April Jones

Murder of April Jones: 2012 abduction and killing of a five-year-old girl in Machynlleth, Wales; Mark Bridger was convicted in May 2013 and given a whole life order; her remains were never found.

Murder of April Tinsley

Murder of April Tinsley: 1988 abduction, rape, and killing of an 8-year-old Fort Wayne, Indiana girl; killer John D. Miller taunted police with notes, was identified in 2018 by genetic genealogy, and sentenced to 80 years.

Murder of Arlis Perry

Murder of Arlis Perry: 19-year-old newlywed killed in Stanford Memorial Church, October 12, 1974; unsolved 44 years until DNA matched security guard Stephen Blake Crawford, who shot himself in 2018 as deputies closed in.