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Criminal law and penal justice

3,576 articles

Murders of Tylee Ryan and J. J. Vallow

Murders of Tylee Ryan, 16, and JJ Vallow, 7, Idaho children missing since September 2019, found buried June 2020 on Chad Daybell's property; Lori Vallow Daybell got life, Daybell the death sentence.

Murders of Wanda and Sheila Romines

1986 stabbing murders of Wanda Lou Romines, 51, and daughter Sheila, 15, in Union County, Tennessee, by Stephen Michael West and Ronald Martin; West executed 2019, Martin serving life.

Murders of William Redmond and Helen Phelps

1980 New Year's Eve murder-for-hire killings of William "Pat" Redmond and Helen Phelps in Phoenix; perpetrators Murray Hooper, William Bracy, Edward McCall, allegedly hired by Robert Cruz; Hooper executed 2022.

Museum of Death

Museum of Death: private museum of death-related artifacts founded June 1995 by JD Healy and Cathee Shultz in a Wyatt Earp mortuary in San Diego, now in Hollywood and New Orleans; serial killer artwork, crime scene photos, Heaven's Gate bunk beds; self-guided, no photos, no age limit.

Musitano crime family

The Musitano crime family, also known as the Musitano 'ndrina, is a Canadian mafia family based in Hamilton, Ontario, known for the 1997 murder of crime boss Johnny Papalia.

Muthappa Rai (ಮುತ್ತಪ್ಪ ರೈ)

Muthappa Rai (ಮುತ್ತಪ್ಪ ರೈ), Nettala Muthappa Rai, was a Bengaluru underworld don, later realtor and founder of Jaya Karnataka; deported from Dubai in 2002, acquitted in over a dozen cases, died of brain cancer 15 May 2020 aged 68.

Mutilation

Mutilation, or mayhem at common law, is the crime of violently and intentionally inflicting permanent disfigurement or loss of a limb, organ, or member; also an ICC war crime and a historical form of corporal punishment.

Mutual combat

Mutual combat is a fight both parties enter by agreement. In US law it usually defeats self-defense claims; Texas gives consent a statutory assault defense, and Seattle has a city ordinance.

Mutulu Shakur

Mutulu Shakur (born Jeral Williams, 1950) was a Black liberation activist, acupuncturist, and Tupac Shakur's stepfather; convicted under RICO in 1988, sentenced to 60 years, denied parole and compassionate release, and died of bone marrow cancer in 2023.

My Favorite Murder

My Favorite Murder is an American true crime comedy podcast hosted by Karen Kilgariff and Georgia Hardstark since January 2016, whose fans are known as Murderinos.

Mylapore Siva

Mylapore Siva (Sivakumar, மயிலாப்பூர் சிவக்குமார்) was an 'A Plus' category Chennai gangster from Mylapore, main accused in the 1997 Thottam Sekar murder, arrested 2019 and 2020, and murdered in Ashok Nagar in March 2021.

Mystery fiction

Mystery fiction, also called detective fiction, is a popular literary genre in which a crime is solved by an investigator through observation and reasoning. Originating with Poe's 1841 Dupin stories, it spans subgenres including cozy, hard-boiled, police procedural, and locked-room mysteries.

Mystery film

A mystery film, also called a mystery movie, is a film driven by a central question, with clues revealed gradually as an investigation unfolds toward an answer.

Myuran Sukumaran

Myuran Sukumaran (1981-2015), Australian Bali Nine ringleader sentenced to death in Bali in 2006 for organizing an 8.3 kg heroin smuggling plot, became a painter on death row and was executed by firing squad on Nusakambangan in 2015.

Nader Sadaqa

Nader Sadaqa (نادر صدقة), born 1977 on Mount Gerizim, Nablus, is a Samaritan Palestinian who commanded the PFLP's Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades, received six life sentences, and was the only Samaritan in Israeli prisons until his October 2025 release.

Nahir Galarza case

Nahir Galarza case: Argentine life sentence for Nahir Mariana Galarza, convicted 3 July 2018 of killing boyfriend Fernando Pastorizzo in Gualeguaychú on 29 December 2017; youngest woman given life in Argentina, now under review.

Naked City (TV series)

Naked City (1958–1963) was an ABC police drama from Screen Gems, inspired by the 1948 film, filmed on New York locations, famous for the 'eight million stories' narration and its character-driven hour-long revival with Paul Burke.

Nandipha Magudumana

Nandipha Magudumana, also called Dr Nandipha, is a South African doctor accused of helping Thabo Bester escape Mangaung prison in 2022; arrested in Tanzania, deported April 2023, bail refused, deportation challenge before the Constitutional Court, trial set 2027.

Nannie Doss

Nannie Doss (Nancy Hazle, 1905-1965), the Giggling Granny and Jolly Black Widow, was an American serial killer who confessed to poisoning four of five husbands with arsenic across four states, 1945-1954, was suspected in up to 12 deaths, and was convicted of only one murder.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (मादक पदार्थ और मनोदैहिक पदार्थ अधिनियम, 1985)

India's principal drug-control statute, the NDPS Act 1985 (मादक पदार्थ और मनोदैहिक पदार्थ अधिनियम, 1985), in force 14 November 1985, prohibits narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors except medical or scientific use, with graded quantity-based sentencing.

Natalie Cochran

Natalie Cochran, a West Virginia pharmacist, ran a $2.5 million Ponzi scheme through her companies TMS and TSG, was sentenced to 11 years in federal prison, and in 2025 was convicted of first-degree murder for poisoning her husband Michael with insulin and sentenced to life without parole.

Natascha Kampusch

Natascha Kampusch, Austrian author abducted 2 March 1998 in Vienna by Wolfgang Přiklopil, held about eight years in a concealed room, escaped 23 August 2006; subject of memoir 3,096 Days and a 2012 parliamentary inquiry.

Natasha Ryan

Natasha Ryan, the Australian 'girl in the cupboard': Rockhampton teenager who vanished in August 1998, was presumed murdered by Leonard Fraser, and was found alive in 2003 hiding at boyfriend Scott Black's home; she died in 2024.

Nathaniel Bar-Jonah

Nathaniel Bar-Jonah, born David Paul Brown (1957-2008), American convicted child molester and kidnapper sentenced to 130 years in Montana; accused, never convicted, of murdering and cannibalizing Zachary Ramsay.

National Crime Records Bureau

National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB, राष्ट्रीय अपराध रिकॉर्ड ब्यूरो), set up in 1986 under India's Ministry of Home Affairs, compiles Crime in India statistics, runs CCTNS, the Digital Police Portal, NAFIS fingerprints, and implements the CrPI Act 2022.

National Crime Syndicate

National Crime Syndicate: alleged coast-to-coast American organized crime alliance formed around the 1929 Atlantic City Conference by Luciano and Lansky, named by the 1951 Kefauver Committee, disputed by scholars as a Mafia myth.

National Crime Victimization Survey

The National Crime Victimization Survey is an annual Bureau of Justice Statistics household survey, run since 1973, that measures criminal victimization in the United States, including unreported crimes.

National Firearms Act

National Firearms Act (NFA), 1934 United States federal law imposing registration and taxes on machine guns, short-barreled rifles and shotguns, silencers, and other weapons; upheld in Sonzinsky and Miller; $200 tax eliminated effective January 1, 2026 by P.L. 119-21.

National Incident-Based Reporting System

The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is an FBI system in which law enforcement agencies report details on each criminal incident, replacing summary counting in 2021.

National Reconciliation Commission

The National Reconciliation Commission (NRC) was Ghana's truth commission, established in 2002, which operated from 2003 to 2004 investigating human rights abuses under military rule and recommending reparations.