1,303 articles
Treaty of Zaragoza
Treaty of Zaragoza (22 April 1529): agreement between Charles V and John III of Portugal settling the Moluccas dispute; Spain renounced its claims for 350,000 ducats and an anti-meridian 297.5 leagues from the islands was set.
Treaty of Zuhab
Treaty of Zuhab, also called Qasr-e Shirin (Kasr-i Sirin), the May 1639 Ottoman-Safavid peace treaty under Murad IV and Shah Safi I ending the 1623-1639 war: Iraq to the Ottomans, Azerbaijan to the Safavids, basis of modern Turkey-Iran and Iraq-Iran borders.
Treaty of Żurawno
The Treaty of Żurawno (Polish: rozejm w Żurawnie) was the October 1676 armistice between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire, ending their 1672-1676 war.
Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea
The Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea is the 1965 treaty, signed in Tokyo, that established normal diplomatic relations between Japan and South Korea.
Treaty on European Union
The Treaty on European Union (Maastricht Treaty, TEU), signed 7 February 1992, is one of the EU's two primary treaties, creating EU citizenship, the CFSP, and, as amended by Amsterdam, Nice and Lisbon, the Union's constitutional framework.
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), also called the Lisbon renaming of the EEC Treaty: one of two EU founding treaties. Organises Union functioning, defines exclusive, shared and supporting competences, legal acts, and external agreement procedures.
Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW, Nuclear Ban Treaty), adopted 7 July 2017 and in force since 22 January 2021, bans nuclear weapons for its 75 states parties (2026), with no nuclear-armed state or NATO member among them.
Treaty party status and depositary practice
Treaty party status is the formal record of which states are legally bound by a treaty and through which act, such as ratification or accession, each became bound.
Treaty ports
Treaty ports: cities in China (and later Japan and Korea) opened to foreign trade and residence by unequal treaties, from the five ports of the 1842 Treaty of Nanking to the system's end in 1943, with concessions, extraterritoriality, and Shanghai's dominance.
Treaty revision
Treaty revision (条約改正, jōyaku kaisei) was the Meiji-era Japanese campaign to revise the unequal treaties, abolishing extraterritoriality by 1899 and restoring tariff autonomy by 1911.
Treaty rights
Treaty rights: rights of Indigenous peoples set out in historic (pre-1975) or modern treaties with the Crown, constitutionally protected in Canada by section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, and reinforced by the duty to consult and UNDRIP.
Treaty signature
Treaty signature is the act by which a state's authorized representative signs a treaty text, which can authenticate it, create interim obligations, or express consent to be bound.
Treaty terminology and naming conventions
Treaty terminology and naming conventions are the vocabulary international law uses for instruments such as treaties, conventions, agreements, and protocols, where legal status depends on intent, not title.
Tripartite Pact
Tripartite Pact: the September 27, 1940 Berlin alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan (the Axis), a ten-year mutual-assistance treaty aimed at deterring the United States, built on the Anti-Comintern and Pact of Steel treaties.
Triple Intervention
Triple Intervention (Tripartite Intervention): Russia, Germany, and France on 23 April 1895 forced Japan to return the Liaodong Peninsula ceded by the Treaty of Shimonoseki; the powers then took leased Chinese territories themselves.
Truce of Altmark
The Truce of Altmark (rozejm w Starym Targu) was a six-year truce between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden, signed on 26 September 1629 at Altmark in Royal Prussia.
Truce of Deulino (Деулинское перемирие)
Truce of Deulino (Деулинское перемирие, Rozejm w Dywilinie), armistice of 1(11) December 1618 between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia: 14.5 years, cession of Smolensk and Seversk lands, prisoner exchange, confirmed at Polyanovka 1634.
Truce of Leulinghem
Truce of Leulinghem: Anglo-French truce of the Hundred Years' War, first made 1389 at Leulinghem near Calais, extended 9 March 1396 with Richard II's marriage to Isabelle of France for 28 years until 1426, confirmed by Henry IV in 1400, ending with Henry V's war in 1415.
Tsawwassen First Nation
Tsawwassen First Nation, a Coast Salish nation in British Canada's BC treaty process, effective April 3, 2009; first BC modern treaty nation to add treaty lands post-treaty (Brunswick Point, 2024).
Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau
Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau, the ancestral mountains of Auckland, are fourteen volcanic cones returned to Māori collective ownership by the 2014 Ngā Mana Whenua Collective Redress Act, co-governed for all Aucklanders.
Twenty-One Demands (対華二十一箇条要求)
Twenty-One Demands (対華二十一箇条要求, 二十一條要求): set of 21 demands in five groups presented by Japan to Yuan Shikai's China on 18 January 1915 during World War I; Group 5 dropped after leak and ultimatum; treaties signed 25 May 1915, annulled at the Washington Conference.
U.S.–German Peace Treaty (1921)
The U.S.–German Peace Treaty of 1921, commonly called the Treaty of Berlin, restored peace between the United States and Germany after the Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.
Ukraine and the United Nations
Ukraine and the United Nations: founding UN member as the Ukrainian SSR (1945), independent member since 1991, three Security Council terms, and General Assembly-led responses to Russia's veto since 2022.
UN Security Council resolutions on proliferation finance and interdiction
UN Security Council resolutions on proliferation finance, led by resolution 1540 (2004), require states to prohibit non-State actors from financing WMD activities and control export funding.
Unequal treaties as legal critique
Unequal treaties, a term from 1920s Chinese nationalist discourse, are treaties marked by coercion, non-reciprocity, or permanent inferiority whose validity can be challenged, exemplified by the 1842 Treaty of Nanking.
Unification of Moldova and Romania
Unification of Moldova and Romania (Unirea): proposed political merger of the Republic of Moldova with Romania, recalling the 1918 Bessarabian union; blocked by Transnistria, Gagauzia, and neutrality, with Moldovan polling divided (44-61% pro) and Romanian support high.
Unified Patent Court
Unified Patent Court (UPC): international European patent court under the 19 February 2013 UPC Agreement, in force 1 June 2023, with exclusive jurisdiction over Unitary and European patents in 18 bound states.
Unified Task Force
Unified Task Force (UNITAF), US-led multinational force in Somalia, December 1992 to May 1993, authorized by UN Security Council resolution 794 (1992) under Chapter VII to secure humanitarian relief during famine, succeeded by UNOSOM II on 4 May 1993.
Union of Bukovina with Romania
The Union of Bukovina with Romania was the 28 November 1918 act by which the General Congress in Chernivtsi united the Habsburg crown land with Romania.
Union of Horodło
Union of Horodło, 2 October 1413 Polish-Lithuanian union act signed at Horodło on the Bug by Jagiełło and Vytautas; 47 Lithuanian boyar families adopted into Polish heraldic clans, Catholic-only offices in Vilnius and Trakai, and a regulated Lithuanian grand-ducal election.