780 articles
Copyright law of India
Copyright law of India: the Copyright Act, 1957 (प्रतिलिप्यधिकार अधिनियम), in force 21 January 1958 under DPIIT; life-plus-60-year term, Section 52 fair dealing, voluntary registration, 2012 digital amendments, Berne/TRIPS/WCT/WPPT membership.
Copyright law of Japan
Copyright law of Japan (著作権法), Law No. 48 of 1970: automatic moral and economic rights, life-plus-70-year term, enumerated exceptions without general fair use, Article 30-4 AI/data exception, and 2023 adjudication amendment.
Copyright law of the United Kingdom
Copyright law of the United Kingdom: automatic, unregistered protection under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, with economic and moral rights, a closed list of fair-dealing exceptions including non-commercial TDM, and unsettled AI-training reform following the 2024-2025 consultation.
Copyright Term Extension Act
The Copyright Term Extension Act (Sonny Bono CTEA, Pub. L. 105-298) is the 1998 US law extending copyright 20 years to life plus 70 years (95 years for works for hire and pre-1978 works), upheld in Eldred v. Ashcroft.
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (1988 c. 48), the principal UK statute on copyright, performers' rights, and unregistered design right; royal assent 15 November 1988, in force 1 August 1989, frequently amended.
Corby toxic waste case
Corby toxic waste case: English group litigation in which Corby Borough Council, also called Corby District Council, was found liable in 2009 for birth defects linked to dust from reclamation of the former British Steel steelworks, settled in 2010.
Corporal punishment in the home
Corporal punishment in the home, or parental physical discipline, is hitting or otherwise causing pain to children as discipline; an estimated 1.2 billion children experience it yearly, WHO links it to harm with no benefits, and 68 states have banned it.
Corporal punishment of children in the United States
Corporal punishment of children, or spanking and paddling, is legal for parents in all 50 US states and in public schools in 17 states after Ingraham v. Wright (1977), which medical bodies oppose.
Corpus Juris Civilis
Corpus Juris Civilis (Corpus Iuris Civilis), the Body of Civil Law: Justinian's 529-534 CE codification of Roman law in four parts (Code, Digest, Institutes, Novels), foundational for European civil law and still partly in force in Southern Africa.
Courts of Northern Ireland
The courts of Northern Ireland are the separate court system for one of the UK's three legal jurisdictions, headed by the Lady Chief Justice and based in Belfast.
Covenant
Covenant: a formal promise in a contract or deed; in property law it binds land use, running with land in equity via Tulk v Moxhay (1848), enforced by injunction, dischargeable under Law of Property Act 1925 s84.
Coverture
Coverture, which made a married woman a feme covert, was the common-law doctrine under which a wife's legal identity merged into her husband's, barring independent property and contracts.
Cresa
Cresa (Cresa Global, Inc.) is a Chicago-headquartered commercial real estate advisory firm founded in 1993 that exclusively represents occupiers, never landlords, offering transaction management, project services, portfolio solutions, and lease administration.
Croft (land)
Croft: a small agricultural landholding in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland under crofting tenure, created by the 1886 Crofters Holdings Act; over 20,000 crofts regulated by the Crofting Commission with residency, cultivation, and maintenance duties.
Crofting
Crofting is a Scottish system of small-scale land tenure giving crofters security of tenure and other rights, concentrated in the Highlands and Islands and governed since 1886.
Cross-border estates and conflict of laws in succession administration
Cross-border estates and conflict of laws in succession administration governs which country's courts and law apply when a deceased person's estate spans several countries, including the EU Succession Regulation.
Cross-border spousal maintenance
Cross-border spousal maintenance is the private international law deciding which country's law governs spousal support when spouses live in different countries, and how orders are enforced abroad.
Damages
Damages: the monetary civil-law remedy awarded to make an injured party whole. Covers compensatory (actual), expectation, reliance, restitution, and punitive damages, plus limits of causation, remoteness, and mitigation.
Damnum iniuria datum
Damnum iniuria datum is the Roman-law delict of wrongful damage to property, created by the lex Aquilia of about 287 BCE and ancestor of civil-law tortious liability.
Dannielynn Birkhead paternity case
The Dannielynn Birkhead paternity case (2006-2007) determined the father of Anna Nicole Smith's daughter; Bahamian court DNA testing in April 2007 confirmed photographer Larry Birkhead, not Howard K. Stern, was the biological father.
Davenport Downs Station
Davenport Downs Station is a cattle station in the Channel Country of Queensland, Australia, the largest in the state and the fourth largest in Australia.
David Kappos
David J. Kappos (born 1961) is an American IP lawyer, former IBM chief IP counsel, and USPTO Director 2009-2013 who implemented the America Invents Act, cut the patent backlog, and now co-chairs Cravath's IP practice.
Dāyabhāga (दायभाग)
Dāyabhāga (दायभाग) is Jīmūtavāhana's 12th-century Sanskrit digest founding the Bengal school of Hindu law, governing Bengal and Assam, with inheritance by religious efficacy and ownership arising only at the owner's death, unlike the Mitākṣarā.
De facto and psychological parents
A de facto parent, also called a psychological parent or parent by estoppel, is someone a court treats as a parent based on a functional caregiving relationship rather than biology, adoption, or marriage.
Death of Garry Hoy
Death of Garry Hoy: Toronto lawyer Garry Hoy (Holden Day Wilson) died 9 July 1993 after throwing himself against a 24th-floor Toronto-Dominion Centre window; the glass held but popped from its frame, and the firm later closed.
Deed
Deed: a formal written legal document, signed, witnessed, and delivered, that passes or creates interests in property, notably land. Covers English law execution formalities, electronic signatures, and deeds versus title registration.
Deed of trust (real estate)
A deed of trust is a US real-estate security instrument used in some states instead of a mortgage, with three parties (trustor, beneficiary, trustee, usually a title company), and a power-of-sale clause that permits nonjudicial foreclosure without a court order.
Defamation
Defamation: a false statement harming reputation, civilly actionable as libel (written) or slander (spoken). Key differences include the U.S. actual-malice standard for public figures, UK burden-of-proof rules, and anti-libel-tourism reforms.
Defamation Act
Defamation Act statutes (UK 1996, UK 2013, Ireland 2009, Ireland amended 2026) reform defamation law: serious harm thresholds, truth and public-interest defences, jury abolition, and anti-SLAPP measures.
Defamation Act 2013
Defamation Act 2013 (c. 26), UK statute reforming defamation law in England and Wales, in force 1 January 2014: serious harm threshold, statutory defences of truth, honest opinion, and public interest, website operator and peer-reviewed publication protections, jury presumption removed.