644 articles
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the U.S. Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime. Passed January 31, 1865; ratified December 6, 1865; source of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and modern prison labor debates.
Three generations of human rights
Three generations of human rights: Karel Vasak's 1977 classification dividing rights into civil-political (ICCPR), economic-social-cultural (ICESCR), and collective solidarity rights such as development, peace, and a healthy environment.
TikTok, Inc. v. Garland
TikTok, Inc. v. Garland, 604 U.S. _ (2025): Supreme Court per curiam decision upholding the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act divest-or-ban law against a First Amendment challenge under intermediate scrutiny.
Timeline of Wikipedia–U.S. government conflicts
Timeline of disputes between the Wikimedia Foundation and the U.S. government: the 2012 SOPA blackout, the Wikimedia v. NSA upstream surveillance lawsuit (2015-2023), transparency reporting, and 2025 Senate scrutiny of Wikipedia content.
Titular bishop
Titular bishop: a consecrated Latin Catholic bishop without a diocese, holding the name of an extinct see (formerly in partibus infidelium, renamed 1882). Held by auxiliary bishops, nuncios, and curia officials; Vatican II granted them full collegial equality.
Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026
Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026 (c. 18), UK Act given Royal Assent 29 April 2026; bans tobacco sales to anyone born on or after 1 January 2009, licenses retailers, and regulates vapes, nicotine products, displays, promotion and smoke-free places.
Treatment Action Campaign v Minister of Health
Minister of Health and Others v Treatment Action Campaign and Others is a 2002 Constitutional Court of South Africa ruling ordering wider nevirapine access to prevent HIV transmission from mothers to children.
Treaty Principles Bill
The Treaty Principles Bill (Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill), an ACT Party bill introduced November 2024, would have defined Treaty principles in statute; it drew over 307,000 submissions and was defeated 112–11 at second reading on 10 April 2025.
Trump v. Anderson
Trump v. Anderson, 601 U.S. _ (2024): Supreme Court case holding that states cannot enforce Fourteenth Amendment Section 3 disqualification against federal candidates, reversing the Colorado Supreme Court's exclusion of Trump from the 2024 primary ballot.
Trump v. Barbara
Trump v. Barbara, 609 U.S. _ (2026), is the Supreme Court birthright citizenship case, successor to Trump v. CASA, holding 6-3 that children born in the U.S. to unlawfully or temporarily present parents are citizens under the Fourteenth Amendment, striking down Executive Order 14160.
Trump v. Cook
Trump v. Cook, 609 U.S. _ (2026): Supreme Court case on President Trump's attempted removal of Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook; 5-4 Roberts decision denied a stay, upholding the Fed's for-cause removal protection as the exception to Trump v. Slaughter.
Trump v. Slaughter
Trump v. Slaughter (2026) is the Supreme Court case, also styled Trump v. Rebecca Kelly Slaughter, holding 6-3 that the FTC's for-cause removal protection is unconstitutional and overruling Humphrey's Executor (1935), leaving the Federal Reserve a possible exception.
Trump v. United States
Trump v. United States, 603 U.S. _ (2024), Supreme Court case No. 23-939 holding former presidents absolutely immune from prosecution for core constitutional acts, presumptively immune for official acts, and not immune for unofficial acts.
Tunisian Constitution of 1861
The Tunisian Constitution of 1861, also called Qānūn al-Dawla al-Tūnisīya, was the first written constitution in the Arab world, promulgated in 1861 by the bey of Tunis, Mohammed al-Sadok.
Tunisian Constitution of 2014
The Tunisian Constitution of 2014 (دستور الجمهورية التونسية) was adopted by the National Constituent Assembly on 26 January 2014 and repealed by the Constitution of 25 July 2022.
Turnhalle Constitutional Conference
The Turnhalle Constitutional Conference was a South African-sponsored meeting held in Windhoek from 1975 to 1977 to draft a constitution for South West Africa, present-day Namibia.
Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Twentieth Amendment, the Lame Duck Amendment, ratified January 23, 1933, moved presidential terms to January 20 and congressional terms to January 3, set pre-inaugural succession rules, and was sponsored by Senator George Norris.
Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1967, clarifies presidential succession, lets a president fill a vice-presidential vacancy, and covers presidential inability.
Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Twenty-first Amendment (1933) repealed the Eighteenth Amendment, ending national Prohibition. Its Section 2 preserves state power over alcohol; it is the only amendment ratified by state conventions and the only one to repeal another.
Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution
Twenty-second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, also Amendment XXII, ratified February 27, 1951, bars anyone from being elected president more than twice after Franklin Roosevelt's four terms, with a partial-term rule capping service at about ten years.
Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Twenty-seventh Amendment bars US congressional pay changes from taking effect until after an intervening House election. Proposed by Madison in 1789, ratified May 7, 1992 after Gregory Watson's campaign; certified by the Archivist, upheld narrowly in Boehner v. Anderson.
U.S. state
U.S. state: one of 50 constituent units sharing sovereignty with the federal government, each with its own constitution. Distinguished by Tenth Amendment reserved powers, congressional admission under Article IV, and 144 state constitutions since 1776.
Ukrainian identity card
The Ukrainian identity card is Ukraine's plastic ID-1 national identity card, issued by the State Migration Service since 1 January 2016 to replace the 1994 booklet internal passport.
Union List
Union List (List I, Seventh Schedule, Constitution of India): enumeration of subjects, originally 97, on which Parliament legislates exclusively under Article 246, including defence, railways, and foreign affairs, linked to residuary power via Article 248 and Entry 97.
Unitary executive theory
The unitary executive theory is a constitutional law doctrine holding that the President alone controls the executive branch, including at-will removal of officials, a view mainstreamed since the Reagan administration.
Unitary state
Unitary state: a state where the central government is supreme and subnational governments hold only delegated, revocable powers. 168 of 193 UN member states; distinct from federal and quasi-federal systems.
United States Bill of Rights
The United States Bill of Rights, the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, was proposed in 1789 and ratified in 1791, guaranteeing freedoms of speech, press, and religion.
United States Code
United States Code, the official codification of general and permanent U.S. federal statutes in 53 subject-matter titles, published by the House Office of the Law Revision Counsel since 1926; 27 titles enacted into positive law.
United States Customs Service
United States Customs Service (USCS), founded July 31, 1789 in the Treasury Department, collected import duties and enforced trade laws until its 2003 transfer to DHS, becoming Customs and Border Protection.
United States Department of Justice grand conspiracy investigation
The DOJ "grand conspiracy" investigation is a Justice Department criminal probe seeking to prove officials conspired to undermine Trump from 2016 through his 2023 indictments; over 130 subpoenas, grand jury in Fort Pierce, Florida, targets including John Brennan and James Comey, no charges after lead prosecutor diGenova resigned.