9,901 articles
All India Muslim Personal Law Board (آل انڈیا مسلم پرسنل لا بورڈ)
All India Muslim Personal Law Board (AIMPLB, آل انڈیا مسلم پرسنل لا بورڈ), an Indian NGO founded 1973 to protect the Shariat Application Act 1937, runs dar-ul-qaza forums, litigates on triple talaq, UCC, and waqf, and faces Shia and women's rival boards.
All rights reserved
All rights reserved is a copyright notice phrase from the 1910 Buenos Aires Convention requiring reservation of rights; now legally superfluous under the Berne Convention, it signals the owner grants no reuse permission, contrasted with Creative Commons' some rights reserved.
All Writs Act
The All Writs Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1651, a 1789-origin federal statute, lets U.S. courts issue writs in aid of their jurisdictions; known for New York Telephone and the 2016 Apple-FBI case.
Allahabad High Court
Allahabad High Court (High Court of Judicature at Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh's high court, established 17 March 1866 at Agra, moved to Allahabad 1869, Lucknow bench since 1948 amalgamation, sanctioned strength 95, India's largest case backlog.
Allan Legere
Allan Joseph Legere, the "Monster of the Miramichi," was a New Brunswick serial killer who escaped custody in 1989, killed four people, and became Canada's first murderer convicted largely on DNA evidence; he died in prison in 2026.
Allan Meehan
Allan Meehan is an Australian outlaw bikie, national president of the Comanchero Motorcycle Club from June 2022, formerly ACT and Sydney chapter commander, subject to a 2022 NSW Serious Crime Prevention Order he breached and was convicted for in 2023.
Allen C. Winsor
Allen C. Winsor is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge for the Northern District of Florida since 2019, and its chief judge since 2025.
Allen Dorfman
Allen M. Dorfman, Chicago insurance executive and Teamsters Central States Pension Fund consultant with organized-crime ties, convicted in 1982 of bribing Sen. Howard Cannon, shot dead January 20, 1983 in Lincolnwood, Illinois; murder unsolved.
Allen Lee Davis
Allen Lee "Tiny" Davis, Florida triple murderer executed July 8, 1999 in the state's new electric chair; his bloody, botched electrocution was Florida's last and spurred constitutional challenges.
Allgemeines Gesetz über Verbrechen
The Allgemeines Gesetz über Verbrechen, known as the Josephinian Penal Code (Josephina, StG 1787), was a criminal code issued by Emperor Joseph II in 1787 that replaced Maria Theresa's Theresiana.
Alligator Alcatraz
Alligator Alcatraz, officially the Florida Soft Sided Facility South, was an Everglades immigration detention facility at Dade-Collier Airport, opened July 1, 2025, built in eight days, costing over $1 billion, and emptied June 2026.
Allison D. Burroughs
Allison Dale Burroughs is a United States district judge in Boston, appointed by Barack Obama in 2015, best known for ruling for Harvard in a 2019 affirmative action case.
Allison H. Eid
Allison H. Eid, born 1965, is an American jurist serving on the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit since 2017, after serving on the Colorado Supreme Court.
Allison J. Rushing
Allison Jones Rushing, born in 1982 in Hendersonville, North Carolina, is a United States circuit judge on the Fourth Circuit, appointed by President Donald Trump in 2019.
Allodial title
Allodial title, or allodial tenure, is ownership of land held in the holder's own right, free of any rent, service, or duty owed to a superior, unlike feudal tenure.
Allyne R. Ross
Allyne R. Ross, born 1946, is an American jurist serving as a senior judge on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York since 2011.
Alma-Ata Protocol (Алма-Атинский протокол)
The Alma-Ata Protocol (Алма-Атинский протокол) is the 21 December 1991 protocol to the CIS founding agreement, signed at Alma-Ata when eight more Soviet republics joined the Belavezha Accords; adopted alongside the Alma-Ata Declaration declaring the USSR's dissolution.
Almighty Black P. Stone Nation
Almighty Black P. Stone Nation (BPSN), also Blackstone Rangers and El Rukns: Chicago street gang founded circa 1959-1960 by Jeff Fort and Eugene Hairston in Woodlawn, uniting 21 gangs, later convicted of a Libya-linked terrorism plot.
Almighty Vice Lord Nation
Almighty Vice Lord Nation (AVLN), a People Nation alliance of African American street gangs founded as the Conservative Vice Lords in Chicago around 1958; major factions include Conservative, Traveling, Mafia Insane, and Four Corner Hustlers, active in drug trafficking and subject to federal RICO prosecutions.
AlphaBay
AlphaBay was a darknet marketplace on Tor, online December 2014 to July 2017, selling drugs, weapons, malware, and stolen data for Bitcoin, Monero, and Ethereum. Founded by Alexandre Cazes (Alpha02), it was seized in Operation Bayonet as the largest darknet market to that date, with over $1 billion in transactions.
Alphabet murders
Alphabet murders, also called Double Initial murders: unsolved 1971–1973 killings of Carmen Colón, Wanda Walkowicz, and Michelle Maenza near Rochester, New York, whose alliterative names matched the towns where their bodies were found; no one was ever charged.
Alphonse Bertillon
Alphonse Bertillon (1853–1914), French criminologist, creator of bertillonage, the anthropometric criminal-identification system of 11 body measurements plus the mug shot, adopted worldwide from 1882 and later replaced by fingerprinting.
Alphonse Gangitano
Alphonse John Gangitano, the 'Black Prince of Lygon Street', was a Melbourne criminal and Carlton Crew figure murdered in his Templestowe home's laundry on 16 January 1998, the killing usually treated as the start of the Melbourne gangland war.
Alphonse Persico
Alphonse Persico ('Allie Boy') names two related Colombo crime family figures: Carmine Persico's brother (1929–1989), a consigliere and acting boss imprisoned for murder and loansharking, and Carmine's son Alphonse T. 'Little Allie Boy' Persico, acting boss convicted in 2007 of the William Cutolo murder and sentenced to life.
Alphonse, Count of Poitiers
Alphonse de Poitiers (1220–1271), Capetian prince, brother of Louis IX, Count of Poitiers, Auvergne, and Toulouse (Alphonse II). Married Jeanne de Toulouse under the 1229 Treaty of Meaux-Paris; his childless death in 1271 returned the lands to the French crown.
Alpo Martinez
Alberto "Alpo" Martinez (1966–2021), Harlem drug kingpin of the crack era who ran cocaine from New York to Washington, D.C., testified against Wayne Perry, lived in witness protection as Abraham Rodriguez, and was killed in Harlem on Halloween 2021.
Alternative dispute resolution
Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) covers mediation, arbitration, conciliation, and ombudsman schemes for settling disputes outside court. Covers definitions, history, effectiveness evidence, and 2025-2026 EU and UK consumer ADR reforms.
Alternative minimum tax
The alternative minimum tax (AMT) is a parallel US federal income tax under which certain individuals, estates, and trusts pay the larger of regular or alternative tax.
Alternatives to imprisonment
Alternatives to imprisonment are non-custodial sanctions such as fines, community service, probation, restitution, and electronic monitoring served in the community instead of prison, promoted under the UN Tokyo Rules and used by an estimated 12.5 million people worldwide.
Alton Coleman
Alton Coleman (1955-2002), American spree killer who with Debra Brown murdered eight people across six Midwestern states in 1984; captured as an FBI Ten Most Wanted fugitive, sentenced to death in three states, executed in Ohio in 2002.