9,901 articles
Juan Martinez (prosecutor)
Juan Martinez, Maricopa County, Arizona prosecutor famous for convicting Jodi Arias of murdering Travis Alexander; handled capital cases including Falater, Andriano, and Grant; later faced State Bar disciplinary proceedings.
Juan Matta-Ballesteros
Juan Ramón Matta-Ballesteros, born in 1945, was a Honduran cocaine trafficker and broker who pioneered transit routes linking the Medellín and Guadalajara Cartels in the 1980s.
Juan Merchan
Juan Manuel Merchan is a Colombian-born, Queens-raised acting justice of the New York State Supreme Court (since 2009) who presided over the Trump Organization tax fraud trial, the Weisselberg plea, Steve Bannon's state case, and Trump's 34-count hush-money trial ending in conviction.
Juan Ponce Enrile
Juan Ponce Enrile (1924–2025), Filipino lawyer and politician; Marcos defense minister who implemented martial law in 1972, broke with Marcos at EDSA in 1986, Senate President 2008–2013, acquitted of graft in 2025, later Chief Presidential Legal Counsel.
Juan R. Sánchez
Juan R. Sánchez, also known as Juan Ramon Sánchez, is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge in Pennsylvania since 2004, appointed by President George W. Bush.
Juan R. Torruella
Juan R. Torruella (1933–2020), Puerto Rican federal judge and Olympic sailor; first Hispanic judge on the First Circuit, chief judge there 1994–2001, and leading scholarly critic of the Insular Cases.
Juan Severino Mallari
Juan Severino Mallari (1785-1840), Filipino priest of Magalang, Pampanga; arrested 1825-26 over five documented murders, hanged 1840; popularly called the Philippines' first serial killer via Sinibaldo de Mas's 57-victim claim.
Juana Barraza
Juana Barraza Samperio, Mexican former wrestler La Dama del Silencio, convicted as serial killer La Mataviejitas for strangling elderly women in Mexico City; 759-year sentence (50-year cap), arrested 2006 via fingerprints.
Juanita Broaddrick
Juanita Broaddrick, Arkansas nursing home administrator and Jane Doe No. 5 in the Paula Jones suit, alleges Bill Clinton raped her in 1978; no charges resulted, Starr called her account inconclusive.
Juárez Cartel
Juárez Cartel (Cártel de Juárez), also the Vicente Carrillo Fuentes Organization, is a Mexican drug trafficking organization based in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, founded in the 1980s, led by Amado Carrillo Fuentes until 1997, and now dominated by its La Línea armed wing.
Judah P. Benjamin
Judah Philip Benjamin (1811–1884), Confederate attorney general, secretary of war, and secretary of state under Jefferson Davis; first openly Jewish U.S. senator from Louisiana, later a Queen's Counsel in England.
Judge
A judge is a court official who decides cases by applying law to facts, in inquisitorial civil law or adversarial common law systems, under appointment and independence safeguards set by the UN Basic Principles and Bangalore Principles.
Judge Advocate General (Canada)
The Judge Advocate General (Canada) is the most senior legal officer in the Canadian Armed Forces, appointed by the Governor in Council to oversee military justice.
Judge Advocate General Branch (Pakistan)
Judge Advocate General Branch (JAG Branch), Pakistan Army legal branch under the Pakistan Army Act 1952; judge advocates attend courts martial, supervise military courts, and handle appeals and civilian-trial jurisdiction.
Judge Advocate General of the Navy
The Judge Advocate General of the Navy leads the Navy JAG Corps and advises the Secretary of the Navy on military justice and related law. Office created 1880 after the 1865 Solicitor and Naval Judge Advocate General; first held by Marine Colonel William B. Remey.
Judge Advocate General of the United States Army
The Judge Advocate General of the United States Army (TJAG) is the Army's senior uniformed lawyer and head of the Judge Advocate General's Corps, an office dating to 1775.
Judge Advocate General's Corps
The Judge Advocate's Corps (JAG Corps) is the legal branch of a U.S. armed service, consisting of uniformed and civilian lawyers who provide military justice and legal assistance.
Judge Advocate General's Department (India)
The Judge Advocate General's Department (JAG Department) is the legal and judicial wing of the Indian Army, handling courts martial, discipline, and litigation; its Corps Day is 21 December 1949, motto Nayaya Eva Dharma.
Judge-Advocate of the Forces
The Judge-Advocate of the Forces, known as the Judge Advocate General, is the British officer created in 1666 to advise the Crown on military law and supervise courts-martial.
Judges of British India
The judges of British India were British and Irish lawyers and civil servants on the Crown's Supreme Courts and later High Courts, from 1774 until the early 1960s.
Judges of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
Judges of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, or FISC, are federal district judges designated by the Chief Justice to seven-year terms reviewing government surveillance applications.
Judges of the International Court of Justice
The judges of the International Court of Justice (ICJ, World Court) are 15 Members elected to nine-year terms by the UN General Assembly and Security Council, seated at The Hague, chosen by absolute majority in both bodies with staggered triennial elections.
Judges of the International Criminal Court
Judges of the International Criminal Court: 18 judges elected by the Assembly of States Parties under Rome Statute Article 36 for non-renewable nine-year terms, serving in Appeals, Trial, and Pre-Trial Divisions with mandated gender, regional, and expertise balance.
Judgment (law)
Judgment (law) is a court's determination of parties' rights, duties, or entitlement to relief, also called a decision. Covers final judgment, appealability, res judicata preclusion, judgment types (default, summary, consent, declaratory), and common-law versus civil-law precedent.
Judgments of Justice Karakatsanis
Judgments of Justice Karakatsanis: written decisions of Andromache Karakatsanis, Supreme Court of Canada justice since October 2011, known for Charter-enforcing majorities (Carson, Wilson, Working Families Coalition) and purposive statutory interpretation.
Judgments of Richard Wagner as puisne justice of the Supreme Court of Canada
The judgments of Richard Wagner as puisne justice cover his Supreme Court of Canada decisions from his 2012 appointment until he became Chief Justice in 2017.
Judicial accountability and integrity
Judicial accountability and integrity is the field concerned with holding judges to ethical standards through codes of conduct, financial disclosure, conflict-of-interest rules, and advisory oversight bodies.
Judicial activism
Judicial activism, sometimes called legislating from the bench, is the charge that judges rule on their own policy preferences, and it is usually contrasted with judicial restraint.
Judicial application of international law in national courts
Judicial application of international law in national courts covers how domestic judges apply treaties and custom, mostly indirectly by interpreting statutes in conformity with international obligations.
Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts
History of how U.S. presidents nominate and the Senate confirms Article III federal judges, from the 1787 Convention and Judiciary Act of 1789 through blue slips, recess appointments, and recent presidents' confirmation records.