9,901 articles
Lists of United States Supreme Court cases
Lists of United States Supreme Court cases: official indexes (docket search, Granted/Noted Lists, United States Reports), Library of Congress briefs archives, and educational landmark-case lists, each organized by term, citation, or significance.
Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume
Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume index decisions by their volume in the United States Reports, the Court's official reporter, whose numbering runs from Dallas's 1790 volume 1 through over 580 bound volumes today.
Lithuanian Constitution of 1922
The Lithuanian Constitution of 1922 (Lietuvos Valstybės Konstitucija) was the first permanent constitution of modern Lithuania, adopted on 1 August 1922, establishing a democratic republic dominated by the Seimas.
Lithuanian Tribunal
The Lithuanian Tribunal, formally the Supreme Tribunal of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, was its highest court of appeal for the nobility, established in 1581 and dissolved in the 1790s.
Litigation involving Jeffrey Epstein
Litigation involving Jeffrey Epstein covers the 2008 Florida plea and non-prosecution agreement, Crime Victims' Rights Act suits, 2019 federal sex trafficking charges, the estate's compensation program paying about $121 million, and JPMorgan and Bank of America settlements.
Litmus test (politics)
Litmus test (politics): a single dealbreaker issue used to judge candidates, especially Roe v. Wade for Supreme Court nominees; includes the "no litmus test" pledge, ABA vetting, and 2025 changes.
Little Arkansas Treaty
Little Arkansas Treaty: three October 1865 peace treaties at the Little Arkansas River, Kansas, with Cheyenne, Arapaho, Apache, Kiowa, and Comanche, promising Sand Creek reparations and ceding southern plains lands; superseded by Medicine Lodge in 1867.
Little Ease
Little Ease, a tiny confined space in the Tower of London traditionally described as a 1.2 m square windowless torture cell, linked to Edmund Campion and Guy Fawkes but likely a blocked passage.
Littlehampton libels
The Littlehampton libels (1920–1923) were anonymous obscene letters sent to residents of Littlehampton, Sussex, involving neighbours Edith Swan and Rose Gooding, four trials, a miscarriage of justice against Gooding overturned on appeal, and Swan's eventual 12-month prison sentence.
Liverpool Magistrates' Court
Liverpool Magistrates' Court is the magistrates' court for Liverpool, England, now sitting as Liverpool & Knowsley Magistrates' Court at the QEII Law Courts, Derby Square (court code 1730). Its 1857-9 Dale Street courthouse by John Weightman is Grade II listed beside the Grade II Main Bridewell.
Liz Murrill
Liz Murrill (Elizabeth Murrill), Republican attorney general of Louisiana since January 2024 and the state's first woman and first Solicitor General in that office; known for anti-abortion litigation against the FDA and shield-law states and a dismissed 2026 New Orleans indictment.
Lizard Squad
Lizard Squad is a cybercriminal group behind the Christmas 2014 DDoS attacks on PlayStation Network and Xbox Live; it also ran the Lizard Stresser DDoS-for-hire tool ($6–$500 per attack) and saw several teenage members arrested in the UK, US, Netherlands, and Finland.
Lizzie Borden
Lizzie Andrew Borden, Fall River woman tried and acquitted (June 20, 1893) for the August 4, 1892 hatchet murders of father Andrew and stepmother Abby; case unsolved, no one else charged; famous for the '40 whacks' rhyme.
Lizzie Halliday
Lizzie Halliday (Eliza Margaret McNally, c1860-1918), Irish-born American serial killer of 1890s Sullivan County, New York; convicted 1894, first woman sentenced to New York's electric chair, sentence commuted for insanity, died at Matteawan.
Loaded sock
Loaded sock: an improvised weapon made by filling and knotting a sock with rocks, batteries, a padlock, or similar dense objects; treated in law as a dangerous weapon based on use. Distinct from the police less-lethal sock round and from socks used to conceal guns.
Local Court of New South Wales
The Local Court of New South Wales, formerly the Courts of Petty Sessions, is Australia's busiest court, where all criminal and most civil cases in NSW begin; its magistrates became judges on 28 March 2026.
Local Government Act 1972
The Local Government Act 1972 is a United Kingdom statute that reorganized local government in England and Wales, replacing a nineteenth-century patchwork with standardized county and district councils.
Locard's exchange principle
Locard's exchange principle, Edmond Locard's foundational forensic science maxim often paraphrased as 'every contact leaves a trace,' holds that contact between objects transfers material both ways, underpinning trace evidence, transfer and persistence research, and crime scene investigation.
Locarno Treaties
Locarno Treaties: seven 1925 agreements from the Locarno Conference (Oct 5-16, 1925), signed in London Dec 1, 1925; Rhineland Pact fixed Germany's western border, arbitration treaties covered Poland and Czechoslovakia, and Germany joined the League in 1926.
Lochner v. New York
Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905): Supreme Court case striking down New York's ten-hour Bakeshop Act as violating liberty of contract under the Fourteenth Amendment; 5–4 Peckham decision; namesake of the Lochner era ended by West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1937).
Logan Act
Logan Act, 18 U.S.C. § 953, a 1799 U.S. federal law barring unauthorized private diplomacy with foreign governments in dispute with the United States; penalty up to three years, only two apparent prosecutions, no conviction.
Loi-cadre Defferre
The Loi-cadre Defferre was a 1956 French law, named for Overseas Minister Gaston Defferre, that established universal suffrage and councils of government in French African territories, laying the groundwork for the 1960 independences.
Lois Riess
Lois Ann Riess (born 1962) is a Minnesota woman serving two life sentences without parole for the 2018 murders of her husband David Riess and Florida lookalike Pamela Hutchinson, captured in Texas after a month-long manhunt.
Loitering
Loitering is a US criminal offense: remaining in a place with no apparent lawful purpose, per state statutes like NY Penal Law §240.35 and Florida §856.021; courts strike vague versions (Papachristou, Morales), and enforcement falls heavily on unhoused people.
Lok Adalat (लोक अदालत)
Lok Adalat (लोक अदालत), meaning "people's court," is an Indian alternative dispute resolution forum where pending or pre-litigation cases are settled amicably by compromise rather than adjudication.
Lokayukta
Lokayukta is the state-level anti-corruption ombudsman of India, counterpart of the central Lokpal. Recommended by the 1966 ARC; Maharashtra first (1971); powers, terms, and effectiveness vary widely by state.
Lokpal
Lokpal (लोकपाल), India's Union anti-corruption ombudsman under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act 2013, distinct from state Lokayuktas; first appointed 2019 (P. C. Ghose), investigates Prevention of Corruption Act offences.
London Agreement on the external debt of the former Soviet Union (1996)
The London Agreement on the external debt of the former Soviet Union was a 1996 UK–Russia exchange of notes rescheduling Soviet official debt, with Russia as successor debtor.
London Charter of the International Military Tribunal
The London Charter of the International Military Tribunal, known as the Nuremberg Charter, is the 1945 treaty annex defining the Nuremberg tribunal and its crimes.
London Conference of 1830
London Conference of 1830: five-power diplomatic conference (Britain, France, Austria, Prussia, Russia) opened 4 November 1830 to settle Belgium's secession from the Netherlands; produced the 1831 Treaty guaranteeing Belgian neutrality, finalized in the 1839 Treaty of London.