9,901 articles
Arbitration and judicial settlement in international law
Arbitration and judicial settlement are international law's two binding forms of third-party dispute settlement: ad hoc tribunals chosen by parties versus standing courts with jurisdiction from law.
Archibald Cox
Archibald Cox (1912–2004) was a Harvard Law professor, 32nd U.S. Solicitor General (1961–1965), and first Watergate special prosecutor, fired by Nixon in the 1973 Saturday Night Massacre after subpoenaing the White House tapes.
Arctic Frost investigation
Arctic Frost investigation: FBI codename for the April 2022 probe into Trump's false electors effort to overturn the 2020 election, transferred to Special Counsel Jack Smith, later the focus of Grassley-led congressional oversight, hearings, and lawsuits.
Arenda L. W. Allen
Arenda Lauretta Wright Allen is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge for the Eastern District of Virginia since 2011, appointed by President Barack Obama.
Arianna J. Freeman
Arianna Julia Freeman, born 1978, is an American jurist serving as a United States circuit judge of the Third Circuit since 2022, nominated by President Biden.
Ariel Castro kidnappings
Ariel Castro kidnappings: 2002-2004 abductions of Michelle Knight, Amanda Berry, and Gina DeJesus in Cleveland; decade-long captivity at 2207 Seymour Avenue; Castro's 937-count guilty plea, life plus 1,000 years, and 2013 prison suicide.
Arizona SB 1070
Arizona SB 1070, the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (2010), required state police to check immigration status and criminalized unauthorized work; the Supreme Court struck most provisions in 2012.
Arizona State Prison Complex – Florence
Arizona State Prison Complex – Florence (ASPC Florence) is an ADCRR state prison complex in Florence, Arizona, including South Unit housing and GEO-run Florence West (750 beds, opened 1997); Florence town also hosts CoreCivic's 5,003-bed Central Arizona Florence Correctional Complex and state execution site.
Arm's length principle
Arm's length principle: the international standard, in OECD Model Tax Convention Article 9 and the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines, requiring intra-group transfer prices to match those between independent enterprises, tested by comparability analysis and five methods.
Armed attack
An armed attack is a use of force of sufficient scale and gravity in international law that triggers a state's right of self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter.
Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act
The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, or AFSPA, is a 1958 act of the Parliament of India giving the armed forces powers, including lethal force, in disturbed areas.
Armed Forces Tribunal
The Armed Forces Tribunal (AFT) is India's tribunal under the Armed Forces Tribunal Act, 2007 for service matters and court-martial appeals of Army, Navy, and Air Force personnel, with a Principal Bench in New Delhi and ten regional benches.
Armed reprisal
Armed reprisal: a state's limited use of military force in response to another state's unlawful act, once lawful under the Naulilaa conditions but now prohibited under the UN Charter and ILC countermeasures law.
Armenian genocide denial
Armenian genocide denial: rejection, minimization, or legalistic reframing of the 1915 genocide of Ottoman Armenians. Covers Turkish state institutionalization, denial arguments, recognition diplomacy, and the Perinçek v. Switzerland litigation.
Armenian Power
Armenian Power (AP, AP-13) is an Armenian American street gang and organized crime group founded in East Hollywood, Los Angeles in the 1980s, allied with the Mexican Mafia, centered on fraud, hit by the 2011 Operation Power Outage takedown.
Armin Meiwes
Armin Meiwes, the "Cannibal of Rotenburg" (Kannibale von Rotenburg), killed and ate Bernd Brandes in 2001 after an internet ad; convicted of manslaughter in 2004, then murder with life imprisonment in 2006.
Arms embargo on Yugoslavia (1991)
UN Security Council Resolution 713 arms embargo on Yugoslavia, 25 September 1991, covering all former Yugoslav territories; monitored by the 724 committee, contested in the US, phased out by Resolution 1021 after Dayton, fully terminated 18 June 1996.
Arms Trade Treaty
The Arms Trade Treaty, also known as the UN Small Arms Treaty, is a UN agreement regulating cross-border trade in conventional weapons, in force since 2014.
Arms trafficking
Arms trafficking, also called illicit firearms trafficking, is the unauthorized cross-border movement of firearms, parts and ammunition under the UN Firearms Protocol and Arms Trade Treaty, driven mainly by diversion of legally produced weapons into illicit markets.
Arnold Brecht
Arnold Brecht (1884–1977) was a German jurist and Weimar civil servant who became a political scientist in exile at the New School in New York.
Arnold Rothstein
Arnold Rothstein (1882–1928), New York gambler and racketeer called 'The Brain,' reputed nation's biggest high-stakes gambler, linked to the 1919 Black Sox fix, murdered unsolved in the Park Central Hotel; inspiration for Gatsby's Meyer Wolfsheim.
Arnold v Britton
Arnold v Britton [2015] UKSC 36, UK Supreme Court decision on service charge clauses at Oxwich Leisure Park, upholding a fixed £90 annual charge rising 10% compounded, and a leading authority on contractual interpretation.
Aron Trainin (Арон Наумович Трайнин)
Aron Trainin, also known as Aron Naumovich Trainin, was a Soviet criminal law scholar who coined "crimes against peace" and helped negotiate the Nuremberg Charter in 1945.
Arraignment
Arraignment is the first court hearing in a criminal case, where the defendant learns the charges, is advised of rights including appointed counsel, and enters a guilty or not-guilty plea; deadlines, bail, and remote practice vary by jurisdiction.
Arrears
Arrears (arrearages) are accumulated debts unpaid past their due date, covering rent, mortgage, child support, and tax arrears; also the accounting sense of payments due at period end, from Old French ariere, behind.
Arrest
Arrest: taking a person into custody to answer charges. Also called custodial detention; governed by warrant rules, probable cause, Article 22 safeguards in India, Fourth Amendment standards in the US, and prompt judicial review.
Arrest and indictment of Pavel Durov
Arrest and indictment of Pavel Durov: Telegram's founder-CEO was detained 24 August 2024 at Le Bourget, France, and placed under formal investigation 28 August on 12 charges of platform complicity in organized crime, with 5 million euro bail.
Arrest of Marcy Rheintgen
March 19, 2025 arrest of Marcy Rheintgen, a 20-year-old transgender woman from Illinois, for trespassing after using a women's restroom at the Florida Capitol under HB 1521; the first known arrest under such a ban, dismissed June 20, 2025 on speedy-trial grounds.
Arrest of Rodrigo Duterte
Arrest of Rodrigo Duterte: former Philippine president detained 11 March 2025 in Manila on an ICC warrant for the crime against humanity of murder over his drug war; first former Asian head of state arrested by the ICC; charges confirmed April 2026.
Arrest warrant
Arrest warrant: a judicial order authorizing an officer to arrest a named person, issued on probable cause. Covers U.S. federal Rule 4, warrantless arrests (Watson 1976), general warrants, bench, administrative, European, ICC, and geofence warrants.