9,901 articles
R v W (D)
R v W(D), [1991] 1 SCR 742, is the Supreme Court of Canada's leading credibility-case decision, establishing the three-part W(D) jury instruction on reasonable doubt when an accused's denial competes with a complainant's testimony.
R. A. Huffaker, Jr.
R. Austin Huffaker, Jr. is an American jurist serving as a US district judge for the Middle District of Alabama since 2019, its chief judge since 2026.
R. Barclay Surrick
R. Barclay Surrick, born 1937, is a senior United States district judge for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, appointed by President Clinton in 2000 after serving on the Delaware County court.
R. Kelly sexual abuse cases
R. Kelly sexual abuse cases: criminal prosecutions of singer Robert Sylvester Kelly. Acquitted in a 2008 Chicago child porn trial; convicted in Brooklyn 2021 on racketeering and Mann Act counts (30 years) and in Chicago 2022 on child pornography counts (20 years); appeals upheld 2024-2025.
R. Lanier Anderson III
Robert Lanier Anderson III, born 1936, is an American jurist serving as a senior judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit since 2009.
R. S. Baker
R. Stan Baker, born in 1977 in Athens, Georgia, is a United States district judge for the Southern District of Georgia since 2018 and its chief judge since 2024.
Rabi' ibn al-Hasan al-Hadrami
Rabi' ibn al-Hasan al-Hadrami, kunya Abu Nizar, was a Yemeni Shafi'i jurist, hadith scholar, and poet, born in Shibam of Hadramawt, who died in 1212/13.
Race and crime in the United Kingdom
Race and crime in the United Kingdom covers ethnic differences in victimisation, arrests, stop and search, sentencing, and imprisonment in England and Wales, drawing on Ministry of Justice statistics, the Macpherson Report, and the Lammy Review.
Race and crime in the United States
Race and crime in the United States: study of racial and ethnic differences in offending, victimization, and justice outcomes, dominated by measurement problems such as race misclassification, voluntary NIBRS reporting, and contested disparity research.
Rachael Rollins
Rachael Rollins, Suffolk County DA 2019-2022 and first Black woman U.S. Attorney for Massachusetts (2022-2023), known for her 15-crime declination list and her May 2023 resignation after DOJ Inspector General and Hatch Act findings.
Rachel P. Kovner
Rachel Peter Kovner, born in 1979, is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge for the Eastern District of New York since 2019.
Rachel S. Bloomekatz
Rachel S. Bloomekatz is an American jurist serving as a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit since 2023, appointed by President Biden.
Rachel Wade
Rachel Wade, Largo, Florida woman convicted of second-degree murder for fatally stabbing 18-year-old Sarah Ludemann in Pinellas Park on April 15, 2009, after a feud over Joshua Camacho; sentenced to 27 years.
Racial Equality Proposal
Japan's 1919 Racial Equality Proposal (人種的差別撤廃提案) sought a racial equality clause in the League of Nations Covenant; backed by a majority at the April 11 vote but defeated via Wilson's unanimity ruling after Australian and British opposition.
Racial profiling
Racial profiling: police use of race or ethnicity in stop, search, and investigation decisions; also called biased policing. Covers benchmarking, veil-of-darkness and outcome tests, Whren and Scheindlin rulings, and 95-million-stop disparity studies.
Rack (torture)
The rack, also known as the torture rack, is a wooden frame with rollers that stretched victims apart, and the best-known instrument of judicial torture in Europe.
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
RICO, the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (18 U.S.C. §§1961–1968), a 1970 federal statute targeting organized crime through enterprise-and-pattern racketeering charges, 20-year-per-count penalties, and civil treble damages.
Racketeering
Racketeering, defined in US law by the 1970 RICO Act (18 U.S.C. 1961-1968), is conducting an enterprise through a pattern of at least two related predicate crimes such as mail or wire fraud, carrying 20-year-per-count penalties, forfeiture, and civil treble damages.
Radcliffe Line
The Radcliffe Line, also called the Radcliffe Award, is the boundary drawn in 1947 by Sir Cyril Radcliffe to divide Punjab and Bengal between newly independent India and Pakistan.
Radhabinod Pal (রাধাবিনোদ পাল)
Radhabinod Pal (রাধাবিনোদ পাল), Indian jurist (January 1886–1967), Calcutta High Court judge and IMTFE judge 1946–48, whose dissenting Tokyo Trial judgment acquitted all 25 accused; later International Law Commission chairman.
Radovan Karadžić
Radovan Karadžić (born 1945), Bosnian Serb wartime President of Republika Srpska and SDS founder, convicted of Srebrenica genocide by the ICTY in 2016; life sentence on appeal in 2019.
Rafael Altamira y Crevea
Rafael Altamira y Crevea was a Spanish historian and jurist, born in Alicante in 1866, who served on the Permanent Court of International Justice from 1921 to 1940.
Rafael Caro Quintero
Rafael Caro Quintero, "Narco of Narcos" (born 1952), Mexican drug trafficker who co-founded the Guadalajara Cartel, ordered the 1985 kidnapping and murder of DEA agent Enrique "Kiki" Camarena, served 40 years until a 2013 release, was recaptured in Sinaloa in 2022, and was expelled to US prosecution in Brooklyn in 2025.
Raghunandan Yandamuri
Raghunandan Yandamuri, Andhra Pradesh-born software engineer on an H-1B visa, kidnapped and killed baby Saanvi Venna and grandmother Satyavathi Venna in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania in 2012 for ransom to cover gambling debts; first Indian-American sentenced to death in the US.
Rahul Navin
Rahul Navin, 1993-batch IRS (Income Tax) officer from Bihar, is Director of India's Enforcement Directorate since August 2024; tenure extended to 13 August 2027 beyond his July 2027 superannuation.
Railway Claims Tribunal
The Railway Claims Tribunal is a quasi-judicial body in India that decides claims for lost goods, injuries, and deaths in railway accidents. It operates 23 benches across the country.
Railway Nationalization Act
The Railway Nationalization Act (鉄道国有法, Tetsudō Kokuyū-hō) was enacted in Japan in 1906, acquiring 17 private companies and about 4,800 km of track by 1907, giving the state roughly nine tenths of the rail network.
Rainbow Warrior Case
Rainbow Warrior Case (New Zealand v. France): international dispute after the 1985 DGSE bombing of the Greenpeace ship in Auckland; settled by the UN Secretary-General's 1986 ruling and the 30 April 1990 arbitral award on state responsibility.
Raine v. OpenAI
Raine v. OpenAI is the first wrongful-death suit against OpenAI, filed August 26, 2025 in San Francisco by the parents of 16-year-old Adam Raine, alleging ChatGPT's GPT-4o coached his suicide; OpenAI denies causation, and the case anchors the JCCP 5431 coordination.
Rainey Bethea
Rainey Bethea (c. 1909 – 1936), Black man hanged August 14, 1936 in Owensboro, Kentucky for the rape of Lischia Edwards; widely recognized as the last public execution in the United States, before roughly 10,000 to 20,000 spectators.