Law and justice

Raymond J. Dearie

Raymond J. Dearie is an American jurist who served as a US district judge in the Eastern District of New York from 1986 to 2011.

Raymond J. Lohier, Jr.

Raymond J. Lohier, Jr., also known as Raymond Joseph Lohier, Jr., is an American jurist serving as a United States circuit judge on the Second Circuit since 2010.

Raymond M. Kethledge

Raymond M. Kethledge is an American jurist serving as a United States circuit judge of the Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit since 2008, appointed by President George W. Bush.

Raymond P. Moore

Raymond P. Moore, born Raymond Paul Moore, is an American jurist serving as a senior United States district judge of the District of Colorado, appointed by Obama in 2013.

Raymond T. Chen

Raymond T. Chen, born 1968 in New York, is an American judge on the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals since 2013, nominated by President Obama and confirmed 97 to 0.

Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse

Raymond VII (Raimond VII de Toulouse, 1197-1249), last Count of Toulouse (1222-1249) and Marquis of Provence; son of Raymond VI and Jeanne of England; lost most of the county under the 1229 Treaty of Meaux-Paris.

Raymond W. Gruender

Raymond W. Gruender, born in 1963 in St. Louis, Missouri, is a United States circuit judge of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals since 2004.

Raymond Washington

Raymond Lee Washington (1953–1979), also called Ray Washington, was the South Los Angeles teenager who founded the Crips gang, allying with Stanley Tookie Williams in 1971; he was shot dead in 1979.

Real Audiencia of Buenos Aires

The Real Audiencia of Buenos Aires was the superior royal court of the Río de la Plata, sitting from 1661 to 1671 and again from 1785 to 1812.

Real Audiencia of Cusco

The Real Audiencia of Cusco (Real Audiencia del Cuzco) was the last royal audiencia established in Spanish America, serving southern Peru from Cusco from 1787 to 1824.

Real Audiencia of Guatemala

The Real Audiencia of Guatemala, or Audiencia de los Confines, was Spain's highest royal court in Central America, created in 1542 and lasting until independence in 1821.

Real Audiencia of Panama

The Real Audiencia of Panama, or Audiencia y Cancillería Real de Tierra Firme, was a royal court and governing tribunal of the Spanish Crown seated in Panama City from 1538.

Real Cédula of 1789

The Real Cédula of 1789 comprises two Spanish royal decrees of King Charles IV, one opening the slave trade and one regulating the treatment of enslaved people.

Real estate

Real estate is land and permanent structures attached to it, together with legal interests over them; in property law it is treated as real property, distinct from movable personal property.

Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016

Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016, or RERA, is India's central law (Act No. 16 of 2016) creating state Real Estate Regulatory Authorities, mandating project registration, a 70% escrow of buyer funds, and fast-track dispute resolution for homebuyers.

Real estate owned

Real estate owned (REO, also OREO, bank-owned): property a lender owns after an unsuccessful foreclosure auction or deed in lieu. Sold as-is via MLS with financing and title insurance, usually at a modest discount, unlike auction or short-sale channels.

Real property

Real property is land and things permanently attached to it, distinct from personal property. Covers freehold and nonfreehold estates, easements, fixtures, feudal origins, US state governance, and comparative property-law systems.

Reasonable doubt

Reasonable doubt: the criminal standard of proof requiring prosecution evidence to leave the fact-finder firmly convinced of guilt. Formulated by 1798, constitutionally required in the U.S. by In re Winship (1970), with disputed theological origins.

Reasonable person

The reasonable person is a hypothetical ordinary, prudent adult used as the objective benchmark for negligence in common law, established in Vaughan v. Menlove (1837), adjusted for children and disability, and measured by juries.

Reasonable suspicion

Reasonable suspicion is the Fourth Amendment standard from Terry v. Ohio allowing brief stops and frisks on articulable facts, below probable cause, applied through totality of the circumstances in cases like Wardlow, Glover, and recent immigration rulings.

Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Beverley McLachlin

Written judgments authored by Beverley McLachlin during her 1989-2017 tenure on the Supreme Court of Canada, including 18 years as Chief Justice; known for clarity, contextualized judging, co-authorship, and reconciliation and federalism jurisprudence.

Rebecca B. Smith

Rebecca B. Smith, also known as Rebecca Beach Smith, is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge for the Eastern District of Virginia since 1989.

Rebecca G. Ebinger

Rebecca Goodgame Ebinger, born 1975, is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge for the Southern District of Iowa since 2016, appointed by President Obama.

Rebecca G. Jennings

Rebecca G. Jennings, also known as Rebecca Grady Jennings, is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge in Kentucky since 2018, appointed by President Donald J. Trump.

Rebecca L. Pennell

Rebecca L. Pennell, also known as Rebecca Louise Pennell, is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge in Eastern Washington since 2024.

Rebecca L. Taibleson

Rebecca Liane Taibleson is an American jurist serving as a United States circuit judge on the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals since 2025, nominated by President Donald Trump.

Rebecca Nurse

Rebecca Nurse (1621–1692), Rebecca Towne Nurse, a respected 71-year-old Salem Village farm wife and sister of Mary Easty and Sarah Cloyce, hanged for witchcraft on July 19, 1692 after a reversed not-guilty verdict, exonerated in 1711, with her Danvers, Massachusetts homestead preserved as a museum.