9,901 articles
Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code
Section 309 IPC criminalised attempted suicide in India, punishable by up to one year's simple imprisonment or fine; upheld in Gian Kaur (1996), neutralised by the Mental Healthcare Act 2017, and omitted by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023.
Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982
Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 recognizes and affirms the existing aboriginal and treaty rights of Canada's Indian, Inuit, and Métis peoples, constitutionally protecting them from ordinary legislation and requiring Crown justification of infringements under Sparrow.
Section 420 of the Indian Penal Code
Section 420 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 punished cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property, up to seven years plus fine; replaced by BNS Section 318(4) from 1 July 2024.
SECURE 2.0 Act
SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022, Division T of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (Public Law 117-328), is US retirement legislation with over ninety provisions: mandatory automatic enrollment, Roth catch-up rules, RMD age changes, and small business credits.
Securities and Exchange Board of India
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), India's securities market regulator. Constituted 1988 as a non-statutory body, statutory under the SEBI Act, 1992; protects investors, regulates stock exchanges, intermediaries, mutual funds, insider trading, and takeovers from its Bombay head office.
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 78a–78qq) is the U.S. federal statute regulating secondary-market securities trading. It created the SEC (Section 4, five commissioners), empowered periodic corporate reporting, SRO and broker-dealer oversight, and Rule 10b-5 antifraud enforcement, distinct from the 1933 Act's primary-market registration.
Securities fraud
Securities fraud: deception in buying or selling securities, covering insider trading, Ponzi and pump-and-dump schemes, and misrepresentation. Governed by the 1933/1934 Acts and Rule 10b-5; enforced by the SEC and DOJ.
Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002
SARFAESI Act, 2002 (Act 54 of 2002), India's law for securitisation, asset reconstruction and enforcement of security interest; lets secured creditors seize collateral without courts, registers ARCs with RBI, and hosts CERSAI.
Security Council elections, 1946–1949
The Security Council elections of 1946–1949 were the first elections by which the UN General Assembly filled the Security Council's six non-permanent seats, held under a two-thirds voting threshold and an informal regional seat formula.
Security Council elections, 1980s
The Security Council elections, 1980s were the annual United Nations General Assembly votes filling half of the Council's ten non-permanent seats, including the 154-ballot Cuba-Colombia deadlock resolved by Mexico.
Security Council elections, 2000s
The Security Council elections of the 2000s were ten annual UN General Assembly votes filling five non-permanent Security Council seats each year from 2000 to 2009.
Security Council Resolutions 1566 and 1624
Security Council Resolutions 1566 and 1624 are UN counter-terrorism resolutions adopted in 2004 and 2005 that supplement Resolution 1373: 1566 created a working group and proposed a victim fund, while 1624 targets incitement to terrorism.
Security Council resolutions establishing the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
UN Security Council resolutions 808 (22 February 1993) and 827 (25 May 1993) established the ICTY under Chapter VII, the first UN war crimes court since Nuremberg and Tokyo, with jurisdiction over crimes in the former Yugoslavia after 1 January 1991.
Security deposit
Security deposit: refundable rent paid by tenants against damage and unpaid rent. Caps range from one month (Spain, France, Hawaii) to three months (Italy, Germany) or 5–6 weeks (UK); escrow, TDP schemes, interest, and return deadlines vary by jurisdiction.
Security hacker
A security hacker is a person who explores computer systems and networks, either to find and fix weaknesses (white hat) or to gain unauthorized access maliciously (black hat).
Sef Gonzales
Sef Gonzales, Filipino Australian triple murderer, killed his parents Teddy and Mary and sister Clodine at North Ryde, Sydney on 10 July 2001, staging a fake hate crime, and received three concurrent life sentences in 2004; a sentence appeal was referred in 2025.
Segundo Ruiz Belvis
Segundo Ruiz Belvis was a Puerto Rican lawyer, abolitionist, and independence leader who wrote the 1867 abolition project and helped organize the Grito de Lares uprising of 1868.
Seigneurial system of New France
Seigneurial system of New France (régime seigneurial): semi-feudal land tenure established in the 1620s under Richelieu, with seigneurs, censitaire tenants, strip lots along the St. Lawrence; abolished in Lower Canada in 1854.
Self-defence in international law
Self-defense in international law is a state's right to use force in response to an armed attack, preserved for UN Members by Article 51 of the UN Charter.
Self-defense
Self-defense (legitimate defense) is the legal justification for using reasonable force against an imminent unlawful attack in criminal, tort, and international law. Distinguished by duty-to-retreat versus stand-your-ground rules, the castle doctrine, and imminence, necessity, and proportionality requirements.
Self-executing treaty
A self-executing treaty takes direct domestic legal effect upon ratification without implementing legislation, so courts may apply it as law of the land; non-self-executing treaties still bind internationally.
Self-government agreements in Canada
Self-government agreements in Canada are negotiated arrangements giving Indigenous governments authority to make laws and deliver programs, with 25 modern treaties and four stand-alone agreements in force.
Self-help (law)
Self-help (law): unilateral remedy, also called abatement, letting an injured party stop a nuisance, such as cutting encroaching tree branches, without court process; governed by notice rules, the Massachusetts, Virginia, Restatement, and Hawaii rules, and limits on entry and reasonableness.
Self-incrimination
Self-incrimination: the privilege against being compelled to be a witness against oneself, grounded in the Fifth Amendment, nemo tenetur maxim, Miranda warnings, Salinas invocation rules, and Canadian and ECHR counterparts.
Self-report study
Self-report study: a criminological survey method asking respondents whether and how often they committed delinquent or criminal acts; pioneered by Porterfield in 1940, refined by Short and Nye, and used to measure hidden crime beyond official statistics.
Semion Mogilevich (Семён Юдкович Могилевич)
Semion Mogilevich (Семён Юдкович Могилевич), born 1946 in Kyiv, alleged Eastern European organized-crime figure, YBM Magnex $150 million securities fraud, US-indicted, $5 million reward, never convicted, believed in Moscow.
Senator of the College of Justice
Senator of the College of Justice: judicial title of judges of Scotland's supreme courts, the Court of Session and High Court of Justiciary, created 1532, appointed by the Monarch on the First Minister's recommendation, maximum 40 since 2026.
Senegambia Confederation
Senegambia Confederation (Confédération de la Sénégambie), a 1982–1989 political union of Senegal and The Gambia created after Senegal's 1981 intervention against a coup, with integrated forces and joint institutions, dissolved in 1989 over sovereignty disputes.
Senior status
Senior status is partial retirement for US federal Article III judges, created in 1919 under 28 U.S.C. § 371(b). Eligible via the Rule of 80 (age plus service totaling 80), senior judges vacate their seat, may hear a reduced caseload, and keep salary as an annuity.
Sentence (law)
Sentence (law): the penalty a court imposes after a criminal conviction, including probation, fines, restitution, or imprisonment. Covers statutory sentencing purposes, proportionality, judicial discretion, and US, English, and Australian sentencing frameworks.