edgepedia

Law and justice

9,901 articles

Theodor Meron

Theodor Meron (born 1930, Poland) is an international law jurist, Holocaust survivor, former Israeli diplomat, NYU professor, author of the humanization thesis, and ICTY/Mechanism president who presided over the Krstic genocide appeal.

Theodor Mommsen

Theodor Mommsen (1817–1903), German historian, jurist, and epigrapher; author of Römische Geschichte and Römisches Staatsrecht, director of the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, and 1902 Nobel Literature laureate, the only historian besides Churchill to win.

Theodore A. McKee

Theodore A. McKee is an American jurist on the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, appointed by Bill Clinton in 1994 and chief judge from 2010 to 2016.

Theodore D. Chuang

Theodore D. Chuang is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge of the District of Maryland since 2014, appointed by President Barack Obama.

Theodore Olson

Theodore B. Olson (1940-2024), American appellate lawyer and 42nd Solicitor General (2001-2004), argued Bush v. Gore, Citizens United, and the Proposition 8 same-sex marriage case for Gibson Dunn.

Théoneste Bagosora

Théoneste Bagosora, born 1941, was a Rwandan army colonel who took control of military affairs in April 1994 and was convicted of genocide by the ICTR.

Theresa Knorr

Theresa Jimmie Knorr (née Cross), also known as Theresa Cross, an American mother of six who tortured and murdered daughters Suesan Knorr (1984) and Sheila Sanders (1985) in Sacramento, was arrested in Utah in 1993 and sentenced in 1995 to two consecutive life terms.

Theresa L. Springmann

Theresa L. Springmann is an American jurist serving as a senior United States district judge of the Northern District of Indiana, appointed by George W. Bush in 2003.

Thief in law (вор в законе)

Thief in law (вор в законе) is an honorific title for elite criminal bosses who follow the thieves' code, emerging in Soviet labor camps in the late 1920s.

Third Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Third Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, or Amendment III, bars quartering soldiers in private homes without consent in peacetime. Rooted in the Quartering Acts, it has never been decided by the Supreme Court; Engblom v. Carey is its leading case.

Third Partition of Poland

Third Partition of Poland (1795), final of three partitions by Russia, Prussia, and Austria after the Kościuszko Uprising; treaties signed in Saint Petersburg erased the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1918.

Third World approaches to international law

Third World approaches to international law (TWAIL) is a critical legal movement, formalized at a 1997 Harvard conference, arguing imperialism shaped international law; spans TWAIL I and II generations led by Anghie, Chimni, and Gathii.

Third-party custody

Third-party custody is a court order giving a child's care to a non-parent, such as a stepparent, who must first clear a threshold showing against the parent.

Third-party standing in family proceedings

Third-party standing in family proceedings is the right of a non-parent, such as a grandparent or stepparent, to bring a custody or contact application at all.

Thirteen federal judicial circuits

The thirteen federal judicial circuits are the intermediate appellate courts of the US federal judiciary, hearing appeals between the 94 district courts and the Supreme Court.

Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the U.S. Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime. Passed January 31, 1865; ratified December 6, 1865; source of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and modern prison labor debates.

Thirty-eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland

The Thirty-eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland (Dissolution of Marriage) Act 2019, passed by 82.1% in the 24 May 2019 referendum, removed the constitutional four-year separation requirement for divorce and changed recognition of foreign divorces.

Thomas A. Varlan

Thomas A. Varlan, born 1956 in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, is a United States district judge for the Eastern District of Tennessee and its chief judge from 2012 to 2019.

Thomas Bartlett Whitaker

Thomas Bartlett "Bart" Whitaker (born 1979) is a Texas prisoner serving life without parole for conspiring in the 2003 murders of his mother and brother; his death sentence was commuted by Governor Abbott in February 2018, and he founded the prison-writing site Minutes Before Six.

Thomas Capano

Thomas J. Capano, prominent Delaware lawyer and former gubernatorial counsel, convicted in 1999 of murdering his former lover Anne Marie Fahey, Governor Carper's scheduling secretary; case built without a body; death sentence later commuted to life; died in prison 2011.

Thomas D. Schroeder

Thomas D. Schroeder (born 1959) is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge for the Middle District of North Carolina since 2008.

Thomas DeSimone

Thomas "Two-Gun Tommy" DeSimone, Thomas Anthony or Thomas James DeSimone, was a Lucchese crime family associate of New York, tied to the 1978 Lufthansa heist and the Billy Batts murder, who disappeared in January 1979 and inspired Joe Pesci's Tommy DeVito in Goodfellas.

Thomas E. Johnston

Thomas E. Johnston (born 1967) is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge for the Southern District of West Virginia since 2006.

Thomas F. Hogan

Thomas F. Hogan, also known as Thomas Francis Hogan, is a senior United States district judge in Washington, DC, appointed by President Ronald Reagan in 1982.

Thomas Girardi

Thomas Vincent Girardi, disbarred California trial lawyer (bar #36603, admitted 1965) of Girardi & Keese, won the $333 million PG&E Hinkley settlement behind Erin Brockovich, then was convicted of wire fraud for embezzling client settlement funds and sentenced in 2025 to 87 months in prison.

Thomas J. Aquilino, Jr.

Thomas J. Aquilino, Jr., born 1939, is an American former judge of the United States Court of International Trade, appointed by President Reagan in 1985.

Thomas J. McAvoy

Thomas James McAvoy, born 1938, is an American jurist serving as a US district judge for the Northern District of New York since 1986, appointed by President Ronald Reagan.

Thomas J. Whelan (American judge)

Thomas J. Whelan, born in 1940, is an American jurist serving as a senior United States district judge for the Southern District of California, appointed by President Bill Clinton in 1998.

Thomas L. Ambro

Thomas L. Ambro is an American jurist serving as a senior judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit since 2023.

Thomas L. Kilbride

Thomas L. Kilbride, Illinois Supreme Court justice for the Third District 2000-2020 and Chief Justice 2010-2013; won a record-costly 2010 retention race with 66 percent, then became the first Illinois high court justice to lose retention in 2020.