9,901 articles
Umar Ata Bandial
Umar Ata Bandial, 28th Chief Justice of Pakistan (February 2022 to September 16, 2023), former Lahore High Court Chief Justice; his tenure featured the 2022 assembly-restoration ruling, election-delay suo motu, and bench-formation conflicts.
Umar Farooq Zahoor (عمر فاروق ظہور)
Umar Farooq Zahoor (عمر فاروق ظہور), also styled Sheikh Umar Farooq, is a Norwegian-Pakistani Dubai-based businessman, Toshakhana gift buyer in the Imran Khan case, and former Nordea fraud suspect whose case Norway dismissed in 2026.
Umar ibn As'ad al-Tanukhi al-Ma'arri
Umar ibn As'ad al-Tanukhi al-Ma'arri (1161–1243) was a Damascene Hanbali jurist and judge, son of chief qadi Wajih al-Din al-Tanukhi, who taught at the Mismariyya college in Damascus and served as qadi of Harran.
Umesh Reddy
Umesh Reddy (B.V. Umesh, also B.A. Umesh), born 1973 in Chitradurga, Karnataka, is a former police constable and convicted serial rapist-killer, the 'Beast of Bangalore', convicted in nine cases; his 2006 death sentence was commuted to life in 2022.
UN Security Council resolutions on proliferation finance and interdiction
UN Security Council resolutions on proliferation finance, led by resolution 1540 (2004), require states to prohibit non-State actors from financing WMD activities and control export funding.
Unborn Victims of Violence Act
Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004, or Laci and Conner's Law (Pub. L. 108-212): US federal law, codified at 18 U.S.C. § 1841, making death or injury to a child in utero during listed federal violent crimes a separate offense, with abortion and medical-treatment exemptions.
Unconscionability
Unconscionability, also called the unconscionability defense in contract law, lets courts refuse to enforce unfair contracts split into procedural (formation abuse, unequal bargaining) and substantive (harsh terms) components, under UCC 2-302 and EU unfair-terms rules.
Under the Banner of Heaven (miniseries)
Under the Banner of Heaven is FX's 2022 seven-episode Hulu limited series by Dustin Lance Black, adapted from Jon Krakauer's 2003 book, dramatizing the 1984 Lafferty murders with Andrew Garfield as fictional detective Jeb Pyre.
Underboss
The Underboss, or Sottocapo, is the second-in-command of a traditional organized crime family. This role involves relaying messages and is a primary target of federal law.
Undue influence
Undue influence is a legal doctrine that lets a court set aside a contract, gift, or will when excessive persuasion overcame a person's free will.
Unequal treaties as legal critique
Unequal treaties, a term from 1920s Chinese nationalist discourse, are treaties marked by coercion, non-reciprocity, or permanent inferiority whose validity can be challenged, exemplified by the 1842 Treaty of Nanking.
Unfair dismissal in the United Kingdom
Unfair dismissal in the United Kingdom is a statutory employment tribunal right under Part 10 of the Employment Rights Act 1996. Qualifying period 2 years, falling to 6 months and awards uncapped from 1 January 2027 under the Employment Rights Act 2025; automatically unfair reasons need no qualifying period; Northern Ireland uses 1 year.
Unification of Moldova and Romania
Unification of Moldova and Romania (Unirea): proposed political merger of the Republic of Moldova with Romania, recalling the 1918 Bessarabian union; blocked by Transnistria, Gagauzia, and neutrality, with Moldovan polling divided (44-61% pro) and Romanian support high.
Unified Patent Court
Unified Patent Court (UPC): international European patent court under the 19 February 2013 UPC Agreement, in force 1 June 2023, with exclusive jurisdiction over Unitary and European patents in 18 bound states.
Unified Task Force
Unified Task Force (UNITAF), US-led multinational force in Somalia, December 1992 to May 1993, authorized by UN Security Council resolution 794 (1992) under Chapter VII to secure humanitarian relief during famine, succeeded by UNOSOM II on 4 May 1993.
Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act
UCCJEA, Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act: 1997 uniform state law replacing the UCCJA, setting home-state priority jurisdiction and interstate enforcement of custody orders; adopted in 49 states plus DC, territories; Massachusetts excepted.
Uniform Civil Code
The Uniform Civil Code (UCC), also called the Common Civil Code, is a proposed common civil law for India covering marriage, divorce, adoption and succession, replacing religion-based personal laws.
Uniform Code of Military Justice
Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), 10 U.S.C. ch. 47, the U.S. military criminal code enacted May 5, 1950, effective 1951, covering courts-martial, Article 15 punishment, and special trial counsel.
Uniform Commercial Code
Uniform Commercial Code (UCC): joint ALI–Uniform Law Commission model code governing US commercial transactions, adopted in some form by every state and DC; first offered 1951, Pennsylvania first adopter; 2022 amendments add Article 12 on digital assets.
Uniform Crime Reports
Uniform Crime Reports: FBI-administered US national crime statistics since 1930, begun by the IACP in 1929; Part I offense counts under SRS with the Hierarchy Rule, transitioned to incident-based NIBRS collection in 2021, complemented by the NCVS.
Uniform Parentage Act
Uniform Parentage Act (UPA): ULC model law on establishing legal parent-child relationships, promulgated 1973, revised 2002 and 2017; covers presumptions, acknowledgments, genetic testing, assisted reproduction, surrogacy, and de facto parents.
Uniform Premarital Agreement Act
The Uniform Premarital Agreement Act is a uniform act drafted by the Uniform Law Commission and approved in 1983 to give states a common basis for enforcing premarital agreements.
Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act
Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act (URESA), a 1950 NCCUSL model law adopted by all 50 U.S. states for interstate child support enforcement without travel, amended 1952, 1958, revised 1968, replaced by UIFSA in 1996.
Union Internationale des Avocats
Union Internationale des Avocats (UIA), International Association of Lawyers: global lawyers' organization founded 8 July 1927 in Belgium, headquartered in Paris, representing over two million lawyers in 110 countries with ECOSOC consultative status.
Union List
Union List (List I, Seventh Schedule, Constitution of India): enumeration of subjects, originally 97, on which Parliament legislates exclusively under Article 246, including defence, railways, and foreign affairs, linked to residuary power via Article 248 and Entry 97.
Union of Bukovina with Romania
The Union of Bukovina with Romania was the 28 November 1918 act by which the General Congress in Chernivtsi united the Habsburg crown land with Romania.
Union of Horodło
Union of Horodło, 2 October 1413 Polish-Lithuanian union act signed at Horodło on the Bug by Jagiełło and Vytautas; 47 Lithuanian boyar families adopted into Polish heraldic clans, Catholic-only offices in Vilnius and Trakai, and a regulated Lithuanian grand-ducal election.
Union of Kėdainiai
Union of Kėdainiai (Kėdainių unija), also Treaty of Kėdainiai: agreement of 20 October 1655 uniting the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Sweden and breaking its union with Poland; initiated by Janusz Radziwiłł, abandoned after the 1656 uprising.
Union of Krewo
Union of Krewo (Act of Kreva), 14 August 1385 agreement at Kreva castle in which Grand Duke Jogaila promised baptism, marriage to Jadwiga, and applicare of Lithuania to Poland; a prenuptial pact whose meaning is disputed.
Union of Lublin
Union of Lublin (Unia Lubelska, Liublino unija), real union of Poland and Lithuania concluded 1 July 1569, creating the Commonwealth of Two Nations with a joint ruler, sejm, defense, and currency, lasting until 1795.