265 articles
List of largest U.S. municipalities by race/ethnicity in 2020
Largest U.S. municipalities by race/ethnicity in 2020: rankings built from 2020 Census place-level Redistricting Data (P.L. 94-171) and DHC tables, using two separate Hispanic origin and race questions, with 15 race categories, write-ins, and documented comparability caveats.
List of oldest living people
List of oldest living people: ranked registers of validated supercentenarians (110+) kept by the Gerontology Research Group and LongeviQuest. Ethel Caterham (born 1909) is the oldest validated living person; Ken Weeks the oldest man.
List of people from Bihar
The list of people from Bihar covers notable people from the eastern Indian state, from ancient figures like Aryabhata and Ashoka to independence leaders, writers, and athletes.
List of people from Birmingham
List of people from Birmingham covering both Birmingham, England (Ozzy Osbourne, Neville Chamberlain, Matthew Boulton) and Birmingham, Alabama (Gallery of Distinguished Citizens, Leroy Stover, Salaam Green), with notable natives and civic honorees.
List of religious populations
List of religious populations: worldwide sizes and shares of Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, Jews, other religions and the religiously unaffiliated, per Pew Research Center estimates for 2010 and 2020 based on 2,700 censuses and surveys.
List of semi-supercentenarians (actors, filmmakers and entertainers)
Long-lived actors, filmmakers and entertainers: Ruthie Tompson (111), Frederica Sagor Maas (110+), Johannes Heesters (108), plus centenarians de Havilland, Rainer, Douglas, Lear; GRG document-based age validation.
List of states and union territories of India by population
Ranks India's 35 states and union territories by population from the 2011 Census: Uttar Pradesh largest (199,812 thousand), Lakshadweep smallest (64 thousand), with rural-urban split, 2019 boundary changes, and Census 2027 context.
List of subnational entities by Human Development Index
Subnational HDI rankings score states, provinces, and regions on health, education, and income. Main source: Global Data Lab SHDI (188 countries, 1805 regions); national offices like Indonesia's BPS publish their own lists.
List of subnational entities with the highest and lowest Human Development Index
Subnational HDI rankings list the highest- and lowest-scoring provinces, states, and regions within countries, drawn from the Global Data Lab SHDI database, national statistical offices such as Indonesia's BPS, and satellite-based estimates.
List of supercentenarians (actors, filmmakers and entertainers)
List of supercentenarians (actors, filmmakers and entertainers): validated entertainers aged 110 or over, including Jeanne Calment, oldest film actress at 114 in Vincent and Me, plus Manoel de Oliveira and Ruthie Tompson.
List of U.S. states and territories by African-American population
Ranking of U.S. states and DC by Black or African American population. Census counts Black alone 13.5% nationally; 2020 leaders Texas (3,552,997), Georgia, Florida; smallest Wyoming (5,232); 46.9 million Black respondents total.
List of U.S. states by Hispanic and Latino population
A ranking of the 50 states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico by Hispanic and Latino population, where New Mexico leads in share and California in numbers.
List of U.S. states by road deaths
List of U.S. states by road deaths: 2024 FARS/IIHS figures showing 39,254 U.S. motor vehicle deaths, state counts (Texas 4,160, California 3,876), and rates ranging from Mississippi's 25.6 per 100,000 to Rhode Island's 4.7.
List of United Kingdom censuses
United Kingdom censuses: decennial population counts since 1801, run by ONS (England and Wales), NRS (Scotland), and NISRA (Northern Ireland); 1941 skipped, Scotland's latest held in 2022, next census in 2031.
Lists of births by year
Lists of births by year are reference indexes organizing births, either of notable people or as demographic counts, by calendar year; related tools include books of days, census schedules, and civil registration records used for genealogy.
Malthusianism
Malthusianism, from Thomas Robert Malthus's 1798 Essay on the Principle of Population, holds that population grows geometrically while food grows arithmetically, checked by positive checks (famine, war, disease) and preventive checks, tested empirically and countered by Boserup.
Maria do Carmo Gerônimo
Maria do Carmo Gerônimo (Jerônimo), Brazilian former slave and longevity claimant (5 March 1871 – 14 June 2000), reportedly died at 129 in Itajubá, Minas Gerais; Guinness never validated her age for lack of a birth certificate, leaving Jeanne Calment's 122-year record intact.
Marie-Rose Tessier
Marie-Rose Tessier (née Bousseau, 1910–2026), French supercentenarian from Vendée, doyenne of France from January 2023 and second-oldest person in the world; died at 115 years, 265 days, the fourth Frenchwoman verified to reach 115.
Me generation
Me generation is a label for American baby boomers as 1970s young adults, from Tom Wolfe's 1976 "Me Decade" essay, denoting self-absorption; later echoed in Twenge's Generation Me for those born in the 1980s and 1990s, a claim contested by cohort researchers.
Migration background
Migration background (Migrationshintergrund) is a German-origin statistical category classifying people who, or whose parents, did not acquire German citizenship at birth; operationalized in the microcensus since 2005, criticized as an ethnic rather than migration category, and complemented since 2021 by immigration history.
Mikhail Zygar (Михаил Викторович Зыгарь)
Mikhail Zygar (Михаил Викторович Зыгарь), born 1981, is a Russian journalist and author, founding editor-in-chief of TV Rain (Dozhd) and writer of All the Kremlin's Men, The Empire Must Die, and War and Punishment; now exiled, a declared foreign agent, and adjunct professor at Columbia's Harriman Institute.
Millennials
Millennials, or Generation Y, are the cohort born roughly 1981-1996 (Pew definition), named by Strauss and Howe in 1991. America's largest generation since 2019; best educated, most diverse, with lower wealth and delayed marriage than predecessors.
Muslim population growth
Muslim population growth: worldwide increase of Muslims, 1.7 billion (2010) to 2.0 billion (2020), 21% growth, twice the rest of the world; driven by fertility of 3.1 and young age structure, per Pew projections.
Ninbetsu aratame
Ninbetsu aratame (人別改) was an Edo-period Japanese population survey in which village and town officials registered commoner households, producing the household register known as the ninbetsu-chō.
One-child policy
One-child policy (独生子女政策): China's fertility restriction from 1979 to the end of 2015, enforced via fines and quotas, ended by the universal two-child policy on 1 January 2016, leaving ~90 million only children and lasting low-fertility effects.
Peruvians
Peruvians are the people of Peru, population 34,157,732 at the 2025 census, fourth most populous in South America. Mostly mestizo with large indigenous, Afro-Peruvian, and white minorities; 83% Spanish-speaking, concentrated on the coast and in Lima.
Population ageing
Population ageing: rising share of older people in an age structure after the demographic dividend, driven mainly by falling fertility and longer lives; measured by 65+ share and old-age dependency ratios, with UN WPP 2024 projections.
Population decline
Population decline: sustained fall in a country's or region's inhabitants. 63 countries including China, Japan, and Germany have peaked; UN projects global peak of 10.3 billion in the mid-2080s, then decline.
Population density
Population density is the number of people per unit of area, also measured as agricultural or physiological density. Key figures include a Vancouver health threshold near 9,400 per km² and density elasticities of wages and rents.
Population of Canada
Population of Canada: 41,798,407 estimated by Statistics Canada on July 1, 2026; grew 189,425 (+0.5%) year over year, the slowest since 1944/1945, driven almost entirely by international migration.