2,407 articles
Edo people
Edo people (also Bini), an ethnic group of Edo State, southern Nigeria, founders of the Benin Kingdom (c. 900 CE) ruled by the Oba; Edoid language, Benin Bronzes court art, 1897 British sack, ongoing bronze restitutions.
Edo society
Edo society, also called the feudal Japan hierarchy, was Japan's class order under Tokugawa rule from 1603 to 1868, ranked as samurai, farmers, artisans, and merchants.
Egyptians
Egyptians (المصريون), the people of Egypt, defined by Nile Valley residence, pharaonic heritage, Coptic Christian and Arab-Islamic layers, and constitutional national identity; distinct from Arabians and Nubians by ancestry, language history, and shared civilizational memory.
Eight Banners (八旗)
Eight Banners (八旗): hereditary Manchu military-social organization founded by Nurhaci (1601–1615), later expanded with Mongol and Han banners; core Qing elite force, declined by 1800, abolished after the 1911 revolution.
Eilif Philipsen
Eilif Philipsen (1682-1785), Norwegian farmer from Kinsarvik near Bergen, long recognized as the earliest-born verified centenarian; documented by baptism, 1701 census, marriage, and death records, aged 102 years 334 days at death.
Eleanor Clay Ford
Eleanor Clay Ford (1896–1976), born Eleanor Lowthian Clay, American philanthropist and arts patron, wife of Edsel Ford, niece of J.L. Hudson; DIA benefactor, first woman on Ford's board, Ford House founder.
Eleanor Elkins Widener
Eleanor Elkins Widener (1861–1937), later Widener Rice, Philadelphia heiress and Titanic survivor who funded Harvard's Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library, opened 1915, in memory of her son Harry, and later married explorer Alexander Hamilton Rice.
Elián González
Elián González, the Cuban boy rescued at sea in November 1999 after his mother drowned, became the center of a U.S.-Cuba custody battle until his 2000 return; he is now a Cuban National Assembly deputy from Cárdenas.
Elisabeth Elliot
Elisabeth Elliot (1926-2015), American missionary, author of Through Gates of Splendor and Passion and Purity, widow of martyred missionary Jim Elliot, who lived among the Waorani who killed him and hosted Gateway to Joy radio.
Elizabeth Francis
Elizabeth Francis (1909–2024) was an American supercentenarian from Louisiana and Houston, Texas; validated by LongeviQuest, she was the oldest living American from February 2024 until her death at 115.
Emigration
Emigration is the act of leaving one's country of usual residence to settle in another, the mirror of immigration. Covers UN and Eurostat definitions, measurement problems, push-pull and network drivers, and effects on sending countries including remittances and brain drain.
Emigration from the United States
Emigration from the United States, also called American emigration, is the departure of people from the US to live in other countries, with one of the world's lowest emigration rates at 0.8%.
Émigré
Émigré: a person who leaves their country for political causes; from French émigré (1792, royalists fleeing the French Revolution), distinct from refugee, migrant, and expatriate; central to the Russian post-1917 emigration.
Emiratis
Emiratis are the citizens of the United Arab Emirates, about 11% of the population, defined by patrilineal citizenship, Arab-Islamic official identity, and diverse Indian Ocean family origins.
Emma Manners, Duchess of Rutland
Emma Manners, Duchess of Rutland (born Emma Watkins), Welsh farmer's daughter who married the 11th Duke in 1992; runs Belvoir Castle's commercial activities, the Engine Yard retail development, and the Duchess podcast.
Emma Morano
Emma Martina Luigia Morano (1899–2017), Italian supercentenarian of Verbania, died at 117 years 137 days as the last verified person born in the 19th century and Guinness-confirmed oldest living person from May 2016; also the oldest Italian ever verified.
Emmanouil Xanthos
Emmanouil Xanthos (Εμμανουήλ Ξάνθος) was a Greek merchant from Patmos, one of the three founders of the Filiki Eteria secret society that prepared the 1821 Greek Revolution.
Empowerment
Empowerment: the process by which people gain greater control over decisions affecting their lives; community empowerment is its collective form. Covers resources and agency, empowerment evaluation (1993), WHO social participation, and the AI channel-capacity sense.
Engineer's Day
Engineer's Day covers national observances such as India's 15 September Sir M. Visvesvaraya day and the UNESCO-proclaimed World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development on 4 March, celebrated since 2020.
English Americans
English Americans: Americans of English ancestry, the largest detailed ancestry group among White respondents in the 2020 Census (46.6 million), descendants of the colonial founding population and later British immigration waves.
English people
English people: the nation and ethnic group of England, United Kingdom. Formed from post-Roman Germanic migration (name from the Angli), unified kingdom since 927; 74.4% of England and Wales identified as White British in Census 2021, with dual English/British identities common.
Environmental determinism
Environmental determinism: doctrine that climate, terrain, and resources determine human culture and societal development; advanced by Ratzel, Semple, and Huntington, discredited by the 1960s, replaced by possibilism and probabilism, and persisting weakly in climate-migration research.
Erie people
The Erie people were an Iroquoian-speaking Native American confederacy along the southern shore of Lake Erie, in New York and Pennsylvania, defeated by the Iroquois between 1654 and 1656.
Eritrean refugee migration to Europe
Eritrean refugee migration to Europe is the movement of Eritreans fleeing indefinite national service and political repression, mainly to Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, and the Netherlands.
Eshay
Eshay (also adlay, lad) is Australian slang for a young man in an anti-social urban youth subculture marked by Adidas, Nike and Ralph Lauren clothing, pig Latin slang such as 'eshay adlay' and 'eetswa', roots in Sydney's street scene, first evidence in 2002, and mainstream fame via the 2022 Heartbreak High character Ca$h.
Eskimo
Eskimo: an exonym for Arctic Indigenous peoples including the Inuit, Iñupiat, and Yup'ik. From Montagnais ayas̆kimew, 'snowshoe-netter'; rejected by the Inuit Circumpolar Council in 1977, fading in Alaska, offensive in Canada.
Esra Erdoğan
Esra Erdoğan Albayrak (born 1983) is a Turkish sociologist, daughter of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, wife of Berat Albayrak, Berkeley PhD, and leader of education and women's foundations including NUN and the OIC women's council.
Essex man
Essex man: British political stereotype coined by Simon Heffer in the Sunday Telegraph, 1990, for the working-class, home-owning Essex voter who switched to Thatcher's Conservatives; source of Mondeo Man and later archetypes.
Estimates of historical world population
Estimates of historical world population reconstruct human numbers before modern censuses using tax lists, registers, archaeology, and datasets like HYDE, Gapminder, and McEvedy-Jones, anchored from 1950 onward by the UN World Population Prospects.
Estonians
Estonians (eestlased) are a Finnic people of Estonia speaking a Uralic Finnic language; 932,603 lived in Estonia in 2026 (68.5%). Distinguished by Finnic language, medieval conquest history, 1860s national awakening, and Soviet-era deportations.