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Psychologists and psychological researchers (biographies)

42 articles

Melanie Klein

Melanie Klein (1882–1960), Austrian-born psychoanalyst in London, pioneer of child analysis and play technique; founder of Kleinian theory: paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions, projective identification.

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Hungarian-born University of Chicago psychologist, coined flow (1975, Beyond Boredom and Anxiety), the state of full absorption when challenge matches skill; founding figure of positive psychology.

Nadine Macaluso

Nadine Macaluso (Nadine Caridi), American LMFT and somatic psychologist, Manhattan Beach, CA; ex-wife of Jordan Belfort, portrayed by Margot Robbie; PhD Pacifica 2015; author of Run Like Hell (2024) on trauma bonds.

Orville Gilbert. Brim

Orville Gilbert "Bert" Brim (1923–2016) was an American social psychologist who led the MIDUS national study of midlife well-being and headed the Russell Sage Foundation.

Paul Ekman

Paul Ekman (1934–2025), American psychologist at UCSF, founder of modern affective science; proposed universal basic emotions and co-developed the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) with Wallace Friesen, plus micro-expression and deception ('leakage') research.

Philip Zimbardo

Philip Zimbardo (1933-2024), American social psychologist and 2002 APA president at Stanford, led the 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment, ended after six days, and later founded the Heroic Imagination Project.

Ruth Westheimer

Ruth Westheimer (Karola Ruth Siegel), 'Dr. Ruth', German-American sex therapist, Holocaust survivor, Haganah veteran, and author whose 1980 radio show Sexually Speaking normalized public sex talk in America; died 2024.

Sabina Spielrein (Сабина Николаевна Шпильрейн)

Sabina Spielrein (Сабина Николаевна Шпильрейн), Russian-born psychoanalyst (1885–1942), Jung's patient at the Burghölzli, author of Destruction as a Cause of Coming into Being (1912), pioneer of child language and child psychiatry, killed by an SS Sonderkommando in Rostov-on-Don.

Stanley Milgram

Stanley Milgram (1933-1984), American social psychologist at Yale and CUNY; creator of the obedience-to-authority shock experiments (65% full compliance) and the Small World Experiment behind 'Six Degrees of Separation.'

Timothy Leary

Timothy Francis Leary (1920-1996), American clinical psychologist and Harvard lecturer, ran the Harvard Psilocybin Project with Richard Alpert, was dismissed in 1963, and became LSD's most famous 1960s advocate.

Umar Johnson

Umar Johnson (Umar Abdullah-Johnson, Umar Ifatunde), American psychologist and Pan-Africanist speaker, Millersville and PCOM PsyD 2012, author of Psycho-Academic Holocaust, founder of the delayed FDMG Academy in Wilmington, Delaware.

William Moulton Marston

William Moulton Marston (1893–1947), American Harvard psychologist, creator of DISC theory (Emotions of Normal People, 1928), pioneer of systolic blood pressure lie detection in the Frye case, and inventor of Wonder Woman under the pen name Charles Moulton.