273 articles
Feminism in the Pacific Islands
Feminism in the Pacific Islands covers women's movements across Oceania, from early Pitcairn Island suffrage in 1838 to the first Pacific Women's Conference in Suva in 1975.
Feminist movement
Feminist movement: organized campaigns for women's rights and equality, from first-wave suffrage and second-wave feminism to intersectionality, the 1995 Beijing Platform, and today's global backlash, with nearly one in four governments reporting setbacks in 2024.
Feminist movements and ideologies
Feminist movements and ideologies, or feminisms, are political movements and theories opposing gender-based oppression. Covers liberal, radical, Marxist-socialist, ecofeminist, intersectional, and transnational strands, wave periodization since the 19th century, and Beijing Platform status.
Feminist pornography
Feminist pornography, also called feminist porn or ethical porn, is a genre rejecting mainstream porn tropes. Emerged from the 1980s feminist sex wars; Candida Royalle founded Femme Productions in 1984 as its pioneering producer.
Feminist theory
Feminist theory is a body of scholarship analyzing gender-based oppression, gender inequality, and how gender is shaped in institutions, accompanying the feminist movement from the mid-1970s.
Feminist views on transgender topics
Feminist views on transgender topics cover trans-inclusionary transfeminism, trans-exclusionary gender-critical and radical feminist positions, disputes over sex, gender, and womanhood, and legal flashpoints like the 2025 UK Equality Act ruling.
Femosphere
Femosphere: term coined by Jilly Boyce Kay (Loughborough University) for online female-centric communities mirroring the manosphere, including femcels, female dating strategists, and pink-pill ideology; also an older US usage and a women's blog name.
Finger pinching conspiracy theory
Finger pinching conspiracy theory: South Korean antifeminist theory from 2021 claiming feminists plant the thumb-index pinch gesture (jibgeson, tied to Megalia) in ads and games to mock men; widely assessed as a hoax that triggered boycotts and corporate self-censorship.
First-wave feminism
First-wave feminism: 19th–early 20th-century feminist movement focused on legal inequalities, especially women's suffrage, from Seneca Falls 1848 to the Nineteenth Amendment's 1920 ratification; also called the women's suffrage movement.
Fourth-wave feminism
Fourth-wave feminism: proposed current feminist phase from the early 2010s, defined by digital and hashtag activism (#MeToo, #EverydaySexism), intersectionality, and backlash from the online manosphere; distinct from third-wave feminism by its online character.
Free the nipple
Free the nipple (#FreeTheNipple) is a fourth-wave feminist campaign for gender-equal rights to appear topless in public and against social media censorship of female nipples, founded around Lina Esco's 2012 film.
Freemasonry and women
Freemasonry and women: women's participation in Freemasonry despite male-only constitutions of 1723. Covers Elizabeth Aldworth, French Lodges of Adoption (1740s), Le Droit Humain co-Masonry (1893), British Order of Women Freemasons (1908), and recognition debates.
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (গায়ত্রী চক্রবর্তী স্পিভাক)
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (গায়ত্রী চক্রবর্তী স্পিভাক) is an Indian literary theorist and feminist critic at Columbia University, known for "Can the Subaltern Speak?", her Derrida translation, and postcolonial feminism.
Gender
Gender is the set of socially constructed characteristics, norms, and roles associated with being a woman, man, girl, or boy. These concepts vary across societies.
Gender and development
Gender and development (GAD) is a development approach focused on socially constructed gender relations, evolving from WID and WAD phases, anchored in the 1995 Beijing Platform, and tracked through SDG 5 indicators.
Gender bender
Gender bender: informal term, sometimes pejorative, for a person or performance that bends expected gender roles through androgyny, cross-dressing, or costume; also a manga genre of sex-changing characters such as Ranma ½.
Gender bias on Wikipedia
Gender bias on Wikipedia covers the male-dominated editor community (roughly 13-16% women historically, 87% male in a 2020 survey) and content gaps: only about 19% of biographies are of women, with disparities in length, images, titles, and deletion review.
Gender binary
Gender binary: the social system treating sex (male/female) and gender (masculine/feminine) as two opposite, nonoverlapping categories; most but not all societies use it, many cultures recognize third or fourth genders, and its scope is contested in science, measurement, and law.
Gender equality
Gender equality: equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities for women and men and girls and boys (UN definition). Also SDG 5. UN reports put full equality 171 years away; women hold 27.4% of parliamentary seats.
Gender fluidity
Gender fluidity is change over time in a person's gender identity or gender expression; a genderfluid person may identify as male, female, non-binary, or no gender.
Gender identity
Gender identity is a person's internal sense of their own gender, distinct from sex assigned at birth, gender expression, and sexual orientation; coined in 1960s sexology (Money, Stoller) and now defined by WHO, APA, and CIHR guidance.
Gender inequality
Gender inequality is the unequal treatment, access, and outcomes experienced by people based on sex or gender, in work, education, health, and safety, with women typically most affected.
Gender inequality in India
Gender inequality in India covers legal, economic, health, and political disparities between women and men: 929 sex ratio at birth, women earning about three-fourths of male wages, 15.1% parliamentary seats, and the 2023 one-third seat reservation law.
Gender Inequality Index
The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is a UNDP composite index measuring gender inequality in reproductive health, empowerment, and the labour market, scored 0 to 1, introduced in the 2010 Human Development Report.
Gender neutrality
Gender neutrality: policies, laws, language, and spaces not associated with either women or men. Covers EIGE's definition, neutral drafting in UK and Canadian legislation, US courts' facial-neutrality standard, singular they, and neutrality versus inclusivity critiques.
Gender reveal party
Gender reveal party: a celebration, popularized by Jenna Karvunidis's 2008 blog cake, where expectant parents stage a pink-or-blue disclosure of fetal sex; criticized for conflating sex with gender and linked to wildfires and injuries.
Gender role
Gender role: socially defined behaviors and responsibilities deemed appropriate for men or women; distinguished from gender identity (Money & Ehrhardt), explained by social role theory, historically persistent, and measured by scales such as the AWS and BSRI.
Gender roles in Islam
Gender roles in Islam: rights and responsibilities of men and women under the Quran, fiqh, and custom. Covers qiwamah (Quran 4:34), Musawah, Islamic feminism, KUPI women ulama, and cross-country variation.
Gender studies
Gender studies: interdisciplinary academic field examining gender and its intersection with race, class, sexuality; grew from 1970s women's studies, includes masculinity and queer studies, intersectionality; distinct from feminist activism.
Gender Trouble
Gender Trouble (1990), Judith Butler's Routledge book on feminism and the subversion of identity, introduced gender performativity, argued gender does not follow from sex, and became foundational to queer theory.