6,078 articles
Outline of relationships
The outline of relationships, also called a topic outline of relationships, surveys the main types of human relationships, how they form and end, and the theories explaining them.
Overconfidence effect
Overconfidence effect: cognitive bias with three forms, overestimation, overplacement (better-than-average effect), and overprecision, in which confidence exceeds actual performance, ability, or calibration; studied via hard-easy effects, clinical and financial decision making, and trait debates.
Overseas Chinese (海外华人)
Overseas Chinese (海外华人), also called the Chinese diaspora or Huaqiao/Huaren, are people of Chinese origin living outside mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Estimates range from 10.7 million migrants to 60 million with descendants; the United States is the top destination.
Overseas Citizenship of India
Overseas Citizenship of India is a registration status for foreign citizens of Indian origin. It grants a lifelong visa and economic rights but does not confer Indian citizenship.
Overseas Filipinos
Overseas Filipinos, called the Filipino diaspora or Global Filipinos, are Filipinos living and working abroad, a diaspora the World Bank places at over 12 million.
Overseas Vietnamese
Overseas Vietnamese are people of Vietnamese birth or ancestry living outside Vietnam, a diaspora of about 3.4 million that grew after the 1975 fall of Saigon.
Owsley Stanley
Owsley Stanley (Augustus Owsley Stanley III, 1935–2011), nicknamed Bear, was the first large-scale underground LSD chemist, producing about 1.25 million doses 1965–1967, and the Grateful Dead's early sound engineer who conceived the 1974 Wall of Sound and left over 1,300 concert recordings.
Oxana Malaya
Oxana Malaya, born 1983 in Novaya Blagoveschenka, Ukraine, is a feral-child case found in 1991 at age eight after reportedly living five years in a dog kennel; later assessed by psychologist Lyn Fry and living in care near Odesa.
Oxfam
Oxfam, from the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief (founded 1942), is a global confederation of 20+ charitable affiliates fighting inequality, poverty, and injustice in over 70 countries, headquartered via its Secretariat in Nairobi.
Pachuco
Pachuco: Mexican American youth subculture of the 1930s-1950s, also called zoot suiters, defined by zoot suits, caló slang, and gang affiliation; marked by the 1943 Zoot Suit Riots and later Chicano cultural reclamation.
Pacific Islander
Pacific Islander denotes people of Polynesian, Micronesian, or Melanesian origin; in the US it is the census category Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (689,966 alone in 2020, 0.2% of the population), split from the Asian category before 2000 and centered in Hawaii, California, and increasingly the mainland.
Pacifism
Pacifism is a commitment to peace and opposition to war, ranging from absolute rejection of all violence to contingent anti-warism. Also called relative or conditional pacifism; rooted in Christian, Indian ahimsa, and other traditions; linked to conscientious objection law.
Page Six
Page Six is the New York Post's celebrity gossip column, launched January 3, 1977 under Rupert Murdoch and James Brady as the first staff-written gossip section. Known for blind items, tipster networks, the 2006 Stern-Burkle scandal, and the PageSix.com brand.
Paired-associate learning
Paired-associate learning is a memory paradigm in which a participant studies pairs of items, then is shown one member of each pair and asked to recall the other.
Paiute
Paiute: Northern, Southern, and Owens Valley Paiute peoples of the Great Basin, speaking Numic languages of Uto-Aztecan; native names Numu and Nuwuvi; history includes the 1889 Ghost Dance, 1954 termination, and 1980 restoration.
Pajeet
Pajeet (also "jeet") is a racial and religious slur for South Asians, especially Indians, Hindus, and Sikhs; an invented Indian-sounding name from a 2015 4chan meme mocking open defecation, now among the most common anti-Asian slurs online.
Pākehā
Pākehā (Māori-language term) denotes New Zealanders of European descent, first recorded 1815; appears once in the Treaty of Waitangi; 3,383,742 people, 67.8% of 2023 census.
Paki (slur)
Paki is a British ethnic slur, a 1964 shortening of Pakistani, directed at people of Pakistani, South Asian, or Muslim descent; linked to Paki-bashing and now called the P-Word.
Pakistani Americans
Pakistani Americans: U.S. residents of Pakistani origin, about 680,000 in 2023 (seventh-largest Asian origin group). Also Asian Americans, South Asian Americans, Urdu-speaking diaspora. Key facts: 254% growth since 2000, 62% foreign-born, $108,100 median household income, contested Asian American identity and post-9/11 discrimination.
Pakistanis
Pakistanis: the people of Pakistan or holding its nationality, 241.49 million at the 2023 digital census, growth 2.55%, mostly Sunni Muslim, Punjabi-dominant, with a Gulf-centered diaspora sending $34.6 billion in remittances in 2024.
Palestinian Christians
Palestinian Christians (المسيحيون الفلسطينيون) are the indigenous Arab Christians of historic Palestine, among the world's oldest Christian communities. Key facts: 11% of Palestine in 1922, about 1% today; four main church families; heavy emigration and 1948 displacement.
Palestinians (الفلسطينيون)
Palestinians (الفلسطينيون) are an Arab people identifying with historic Palestine; national identity formed under late Ottoman and British Mandate rule, was marked by the 1948 Nakba and displacement of about 700,000, and today numbers about 15.2-15.5 million worldwide, per PCBS.
Pallbearer
Pallbearer: a person who carries or escorts a coffin or casket at a funeral, also called coffin bearer. From pall, the cloth over a coffin; first recorded 1707. Usually six bearers, often family or friends, with honorary pallbearers recognized without lifting.
Palta
The Palta were a pre-Inca people of southern Ecuador's Loja province from about 500 to 1470, whose name survives in the South American word for avocado.
Panabaj mudslide
The Panabaj mudslide was a volcanic debris flow, triggered by Tropical Storm Stan, that buried Panabaj, a Tz'utujil Maya village near Lake Atitlán, Guatemala, in early October 2005, killing hundreds.
Panpan girls (パンパンガール)
Panpan girls (パンパンガール) were street prostitutes of occupied Japan, 1945–1952, serving mainly US soldiers; about 70 percent were yo-pan, with RAA facilities, GHQ venereal exams, and the amezo label following.
Pansexuality
Pansexuality is a sexual orientation in which attraction to others is not limited by sex or gender, so pansexual people can be attracted to any gender identity.
Paola Franchi
Paola Franchi (born 1953, Milan) is an Italian interior designer, artist, author, and former model, known as Maurizio Gucci's partner from about 1990 until his 1995 murder arranged by Patrizia Reggiani, and author of L'amore spezzato.
Paper sons
Paper sons (纸生仔, zhishengzai) were Chinese immigrants who entered the United States under false documents claiming citizenship-derived or merchant-family status, a practice opened by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake's destruction of birth records and ended by the 1965 Immigration Act.
Paraiyar (பறையர்)
Paraiyar, also known as Parayar or பறையர், are a Tamil caste of southern India and northern Sri Lanka, historically treated as untouchable; "pariah" derives from their name.