6,078 articles
Semantic classification task
The semantic classification task, or semantic categorization task, is a reaction-time paradigm in which participants judge whether a word or picture belongs to a semantic category.
Semantic decision task
A semantic decision task is an experimental paradigm in which people judge whether a word or picture fits a category, used to study semantic memory.
Semantic differential
The semantic differential is a psychometric rating method in which respondents judge concepts on bipolar adjective scales such as good–bad, introduced by Osgood, Suci, and Tannenbaum in 1957.
Semantic fluency task
The semantic fluency task is a neuropsychological test in which a person names as many items as possible from a category, usually animals, in one minute.
Semi-structured interview
Semi-structured interview (SSI), also called qualitative or thematic interview: a research method using a prepared guide of open-ended questions while allowing flexible probing, follow-ups, and topic changes; standard in qualitative social science, rooted in Merton and Kendall's 1946 focused interview.
Seminole
The Seminole are a Native American people formed in 1700s Florida from Creek and other migrants; three wars and removal produced three federally recognized tribes in Florida and Oklahoma.
Seminole Nation
The Seminole Nation of Oklahoma is a federally recognized Native American nation headquartered in Wewoka, descended from Seminoles forcibly removed from Florida in the nineteenth century.
Seminole Tribe of Florida
Federally recognized Native American tribe in Florida, distinct from the Miccosukee Tribe; descendants of Seminoles who avoided 19th-century removal, never signed a peace treaty, ratified a 1957 constitution, and now run Hard Rock International and seven casinos.
Semitic people
Semitic people: conventional label for speakers of Semitic languages (Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, Amharic, Akkadian and others), coined by Schlözer in 1781 from the biblical Shem. It is a linguistic, not ethnic or racial, classification.
Seneca
Seneca (Onödowá'ga') are an Iroquoian nation of western New York, largest member of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy; the Seneca Nation of Indians, constitution 1848, governs Allegany, Cattaraugus, and three smaller territories.
Seneca people
Seneca (Onödowá'ga', People of the Great Hill): largest nation of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy in western New York; 1848 elected constitution, Cattaraugus and Allegany territories, key treaties of Canandaigua, Big Tree, Buffalo Creek and the 1842 Compromise.
Seneca Village
Seneca Village was a free Black community founded in 1825 on Manhattan land later taken for Central Park; its roughly 225 to 350 mostly African American property owners, with Irish and German neighbors, were displaced by eminent domain by 1857.
Senegalese diaspora
The Senegalese diaspora is the population born in Senegal or descended from Senegalese migrants living abroad, estimated at 750,000 people in 2024, with remittances nearing 10% of GDP.
Senpai and kōhai
Senpai (先輩) and kōhai (後輩) are Japanese senior–junior relationship roles based on time of entry into a school, company, or club, not age or rank; same-year members are doki. Central to Japanese hierarchy, language use, and mentoring, with related forms in China and Korea.
Sensation seeking
Sensation seeking is a personality trait defined by Marvin Zuckerman as seeking varied, novel, complex, intense experiences and taking risks for them, measured by the Sensation Seeking Scale with four subscales.
Sensation Seeking Scale
The Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) is a self-report questionnaire developed by Marvin Zuckerman in 1964 to measure the trait of seeking varied, novel, and intense experiences.
Sensitivity training
Sensitivity training is a group-based organizational development method, best known as the T-group, in which small unstructured groups use feedback to build self-awareness and interpersonal sensitivity; it originated with Kurt Lewin in 1946.
Sensory deprivation
Sensory deprivation, also called restricted environmental stimulation therapy (REST) or float therapy, is the reduction of sensory input. It spans therapeutic flotation tanks, hallucination research since McGill's 1950s experiments, and harmful prolonged isolation.
Sensory ethnography
Sensory ethnography is a qualitative research methodology treating all the senses as central to ethnographic inquiry, introduced by Sarah Pink in Doing Sensory Ethnography (2009) and practiced through participant sensation.
Sensory overload
Sensory overload, also called overstimulation, occurs when incoming sound, light, touch, or information exceeds what the brain can process. Common in autism, PTSD, ADHD, anxiety, and schizophrenia; managed with sensory accommodations.
Sensory processing sensitivity
Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), the trait behind the "highly sensitive person" label, was defined by Elaine and Arthur Aron in 1997 with the 27-item HSP scale; it is distinct from introversion, neuroticism, autism, and ADHD.
Sensory Profile
The Sensory Profile is a family of caregiver, teacher, and self-report questionnaires measuring responses to everyday sensory events, based on Winnie Dunn's 1997 model and widely used with children, including those with autism.
Sentinelese
Sentinelese: uncontacted Indigenous people of North Sentinel Island, Andaman and Nicobar, India; hunter-gatherers of about 50-150 people who reject all contact; protected by the 1956 PAT Regulation and a 5-km exclusion zone.
Sephardic Jews
Sephardic Jews (Sfaradim, from Sefarad, Hebrew for Spain) descend from Iberian Jewry expelled in 1492 and 1497; they settled across the Ottoman Empire, North Africa, Amsterdam, and the Americas, preserved Ladino, and are often grouped with Mizrahi Jews.
Serb Muslims
Serb Muslims: Slavic-speaking Balkan Muslims identified as Serbs, chiefly in Sandžak and Bosnia; descendants of Ottoman-era converts, about half a million in Serbia, with contested Serb, Croat, or Bosniak national designation.
Serbs (Срби)
Serbs (Срби, Srbi) are a South Slavic people of the Balkans, speaking Serbian and mainly Eastern Orthodox, living mostly in Serbia, Republika Srpska, and Montenegro.
Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, also called Bosnian Serbs, are one of BiH's three constituent peoples, Orthodox and Cyrillic-script, about 35% in 1991, concentrated in Republika Srpska, the Serb-majority entity created by the 1995 Dayton Agreement.
Serbs of Montenegro
Serbs of Montenegro are the country's second-largest ethnic group: 205,370 people, 32.93% at the 2023 census, Serbian-speaking and Orthodox, with identity shaped largely by politics around statehood.
Serge F. Kovaleski
Serge F. Kovaleski, born Serge Frank Kovaleski in 1961, is a South African-born American investigative reporter who spent nearly two decades at The New York Times.
Serial learning
Serial learning is a classic verbal memory paradigm, dating to Hermann Ebbinghaus's 1885 work, in which participants must recall a studied list in its exact presented order.