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Dravidar Kazhagam (திராவிடர் கழகம்)
Dravidar Kazhagam (திராவிடர் கழகம், DK) is a Tamil Nadu social organization founded by Periyar E. V. Ramasamy in 1944 from the Justice Party and Self-Respect Movement; a non-electoral rationalist, anti-caste pressure group and parent of the DMK and AIADMK.
DREAM Act
The DREAM Act (Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act) is recurring U.S. legislation, first introduced in 2001 by Hatch and Durbin, that would give child-arrival immigrants a pathway to permanent residence; never enacted, it inspired the term Dreamers and DACA.
Dream interpretation
Dream interpretation assigns meaning to dreams, from ancient divination through Freud's 1900 Interpretation of Dreams and Jung's symbolic approach to modern REM-based empirical dream research and the continuity hypothesis.
Dress code
Dress code: rules on clothing and appearance in schools and workplaces, from Tudor sumptuary laws and the 1222 cappa clausa to US Tinker ruling, EEOC religious accommodation, and French uniform trial results.
Drift-diffusion model
The drift-diffusion model (DDM) is a sequential-sampling model of fast two-choice decisions in which noisy evidence accumulates to a boundary, separating evidence quality from nondecision processes.
Drinking the Kool-Aid
Drinking the Kool-Aid is an American idiom for accepting ideas unquestioningly. It alludes to the 1978 Jonestown massacre, where Peoples Temple followers died by cyanide-laced Flavor Aid, not Kool-Aid.
Druze in Israel
The Druze in Israel are an Arabic-speaking religious minority recognized by the state as a separate community and are uniquely subject to compulsory military service in the Israel Defense Forces.
Du Pont family
Du Pont family: American dynasty founded by Éleuthère Irénée du Pont (1771–1834), whose 1802 Brandywine Creek gunpowder mill became DuPont; dominant in Delaware politics, wealth estimated $16–22 billion.
Dual process theory
Dual process theory (Type 1/Type 2, System 1/System 2) is a psychology framework distinguishing fast, automatic, unconscious cognition from slow, deliberative, working-memory-dependent reasoning; originated with Wason and Evans (1974) and widely applied and criticized.
Dual-task paradigm
The dual-task paradigm is an experimental method in cognitive psychology in which participants perform two tasks at once, so attentional resources and cognitive load can be measured.
Duchess of Edinburgh
Duchess of Edinburgh, British royal title for the wife of the Duke of Edinburgh, created 1726 and held 2023 by Sophie, wife of Prince Edward, after Elizabeth II and Prince Philip.
Dude
Dude, or Dood, is an informal English term of address meaning roughly "guy," first recorded in 1883 as New York City slang for a fashionably dressed man.
Dumpster diving
Dumpster diving, also called skip dipping or bin-diving, is recovering usable goods, especially food, from waste receptacles; it spans food insecurity, freegan anti-consumerism, and legality under California v. Greenwood.
Dunbar's number
Dunbar's number is the ~150-person limit on stable human social relationships proposed by anthropologist Robin Dunbar from primate neocortex size, with layers of 5, 15, 50, and 150 and contested empirical support.
Dungan people
Dungans: Chinese-speaking Muslim (Hui-descended) minority of Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Russia; arrived in 1877–78 and 1881–83 migrations after the Dungan Revolt; speak Cyrillic-script Dungan.
Dunning–Kruger effect
Dunning–Kruger effect: proposed cognitive bias, named after Kruger and Dunning (1999), where low performers overestimate ability; heavily contested as likely a regression-to-the-mean statistical artifact.
Duoethnography
Duoethnography is a qualitative research method in which two or more researchers of difference dialogically juxtapose their life histories, producing reconstructed dialogues rather than transcripts.
Duplessis Orphans
Duplessis Orphans (les Orphelins de Duplessis): thousands of Quebec children, 1930s-1960s, falsely certified mentally deficient and placed in church-run psychiatric institutions for federal subsidies; documented abuse, 1962 report, 1990s lawsuits, compensation 1999-2006.
Durrell family
The Durrell family, an Anglo-Indian British family of writers Lawrence and Gerald Durrell, parents Lawrence Samuel and Louisa, siblings Leslie and Margo, known for the Corfu years 1935-1939 and My Family and Other Animals.
Dutch Americans
Dutch Americans, Americans of Dutch (Netherlands) ancestry, numbered 5,045,046 in the 2024 ACS. Distinguished by the New Netherland colonial era, the 1846-47 Calvinist Midwest migration, and post-1946 immigration.
Dutch people
Dutch people are the Germanic ethnic group and nation of the Netherlands. Three-quarters aged 15+ speak Dutch at home; 10% speak recognized regional languages (Frisian, Low Saxon, Limburgish); early modern Republic cities were 25-60% migrant.
Dyad (sociology)
Dyad (sociology): the smallest social group, two people, from Georg Simmel's formal sociology (Zweierverbindung, Soziologie 1908). No majority possible, destroyed by one member's withdrawal; contrasted with the triad.
Dyke (slang)
Dyke is slang for a lesbian, especially one perceived as masculine; originally a slur (bulldyker attested 1906, dyke 1931), reclaimed since the 1970s as a proud self-designation and in Dyke March events.
Dynamic assessment
Dynamic assessment is an interactive psychoeducational testing approach following a test–intervene–retest sequence, measuring learning potential and responsiveness to mediation, rooted in Vygotsky's zone of proximal development and Feuerstein's mediated learning theory.
Dynamic network analysis
Dynamic network analysis (DNA) is a family of methods in social network analysis for modeling networks whose nodes, ties, and attributes change over time rather than as static snapshots.
Dysfunctional family
A dysfunctional family, also called family dysfunction, is a family whose impaired relationships or communication keep members from achieving intimacy, often handing dysfunction down through generations.
Dyula people
The Dyula, also spelled Dioula, Jula, or Juula, are Mande-speaking Muslim trader communities of West Africa whose name means "trader" in Manding, referring specifically to a professional trader.
E Clampus Vitus
E Clampus Vitus (ECV), the Ancient and Honorable Order of E Clampus Vitus, is a fraternal order founded as a Gold Rush parody and revived in 1931 as a western history society with 51 chapters and over 2,000 plaques.
Earl Nightingale
Earl Nightingale (1921–1989), American radio broadcaster and motivational author; voice of Sky King, creator of Our Changing World; his 1956 recording The Strangest Secret was the first spoken-word Gold Record, and he co-founded Nightingale-Conant with Lloyd Conant.
Early childhood
Early childhood is the period of human development from roughly birth to the start of primary school, when more than one million neural connections form each second.