6,078 articles
Humanitarianism
Humanitarianism: organized relief of suffering based on need, defined by humanity, impartiality, neutrality, and independence. Founded with Dunant's Red Cross (1863) and Geneva Convention (1864), now a global sector with the ICRC, IFRC, and 191 National Societies.
Humiliation
Humiliation: a self-conscious emotion of undeserved social degradation before an audience, distinct from shame by perceived unfairness, combining anger-like outrage with shame-like powerlessness.
Hungarian emigration to the United States
Hungarian emigration to the United States was a mass movement from the Kingdom of Hungary that began in the 1880s and peaked between 1905 and 1907.
Hungarian railway strike of 1912
The Hungarian railway strike of 1912 was a general strike called in Budapest on 23 May 1912, in which about 100,000 workers stopped work to demand universal suffrage and the resignation of Prime Minister István Tisza.
Hungarian refugee crisis of 1956
The Hungarian refugee crisis of 1956 was the flight of about 200,000 people from Hungary after the Soviet crushing of the Hungarian Revolution, mostly to Austria and Yugoslavia.
Hungarians
Hungarians (magyarok, Magyars): Uralic-speaking ethnic group and nation of the Carpathian Basin; ~14.2 million worldwide, two-thirds in Hungary, large minorities in Romania, Slovakia, Serbia and Ukraine after the 1920 Treaty of Trianon.
Hunger
Hunger is lack of regular access to enough food for an active, healthy life. Measured by FAO's Prevalence of Undernourishment and the Food Insecurity Experience Scale in the annual SOFI report; SOFI 2026 found hunger at 7.8 percent of the world population.
Hunger strike
Hunger strike: refusal of food as protest, famous among suffragettes (Marion Wallace Dunlop, 1909), Irish republicans (MacSwiney, 1981 Maze), and detainees; governed medically by the WMA Declaration of Malta.
Husband
Husband: a man joined to another person in marriage, a male spouse. From Old Norse husbondi, "master of a house"; also a verb meaning to conserve. Covers earnings, household labor, and legal changes.
Hutsuls
Hutsuls (гуцули, Huţuli) are a Carpathian highland ethnographic group of Ukrainians living in Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi, Transcarpathia, and northern Romania, known for pastoral herding, forestry, ornate folk dress, wood carving, and the short-lived 1919 Hutsul Republic.
Hutterites
Hutterites (Hutterische Brüder), communal Anabaptists founded 1528 in Moravia and named for Jakob Hutter, live in colonies practicing community of goods; 58,392 people in 544 North American colonies, mostly Canada, in three Leut branches.
Hutu
Hutu: the majority population category of Rwanda and Burundi (about 85%), alongside Tutsi and Twa; shares Kinyarwanda/Kirundi language and culture with Tutsi; precolonially a fluid status label, hardened by Belgian identity cards in 1933, dominant in Rwanda 1962-1994.
Hyangyak
Hyangyak (향약; 鄕約) was a village covenant promoting good conduct and mutual aid in rural Korea, adapted from a Chinese Neo-Confucian model in the early 16th century.
Hybristophilia
Hybristophilia is sexual and romantic attraction to people who commit crimes, especially violent ones; a mainly female, non-diagnosable paraphilic interest studied via attachment, media, and forensic risk frameworks.
Hydeia Broadbent
Hydeia Loren Broadbent (1984–2024), American HIV/AIDS activist born HIV-positive, nationally known from a 1992 Nickelodeon special with Magic Johnson, Oprah appearance, and 1996 Republican Convention speech; died February 20, 2024, in Las Vegas at 39.
Hyperfocus
Hyperfocus: intense, prolonged absorption in one task with diminished awareness of surroundings, reported mainly in ADHD, autism, and schizophrenia; distinct from flow and not a DSM-5 ADHD symptom.
Hypergamy
Hypergamy is marrying a person of higher caste, status, education, or income; hypogamy is marrying down. Educational hypergamy (wife less educated) has declined worldwide as women's college attainment reversed the gender gap, making hypogamy now more common in most European countries and rising in the United States.
Hyperthymesia
Hyperthymesia, or Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM), is a rare condition of automatic, date-triggered recall of personal events, first described in Jill Price ("AJ") by McGaugh's UC Irvine team in 2006.
Hypomania Checklist
The Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) is a 32-item self-report questionnaire screening for lifetime hypomanic symptoms, developed by Jules Angst and colleagues in 2005 to help identify bipolar-II disorder in depressed patients.
Hyrum Smith
Hyrum Smith (1800–1844), older brother of Joseph Smith Jr., was an Eight Witness of the Book of Mormon, counselor in the First Presidency, Patriarch to the Church, and Assistant President, martyred with Joseph at Carthage Jail on June 27, 1844.
Hysteria
Hysteria, from Greek hystera (uterus), is a historical medical diagnosis for unexplained physical and neurological complaints. Abandoned by DSM-III in 1980, it survives as conversion disorder, dissociative disorders, histrionic personality disorder, and functional neurological disorder.
Hysterical strength
Hysterical strength: extraordinary strength displays in life-threatening emergencies, attributed to the fight-or-flight adrenaline rush. Popular accounts say real; physiologists find stress-induced force enhancement unsupported, with faster muscle relaxation the better-evidenced effect.
I can't breathe
"I can't breathe" protest slogan from Eric Garner's 2014 last words and George Floyd's 2020 death; rallying cry of Black Lives Matter against police violence, later extended to COVID-19 and climate contexts.
I Have a Dream
"I Have a Dream," Martin Luther King Jr.'s speech of 28 August 1963 at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, Lincoln Memorial; partly improvised refrain earlier used in Detroit; 2002 National Recording Registry.
Ibaloi people
The Ibaloi (Ibaloy, Nabaloi, Benguet Igorot) are an ethnolinguistic group of southeastern Benguet and Baguio in the Philippine Cordillera, known for the Ibaloy language, baknang elite, gold mining, kinuday smoked meat, and the 1909 Mateo Cariño native title case.
Iban people
The Iban people, historically called the Sea Dayaks, are an indigenous Dayak people of Borneo, numbering about 400,000 in Sarawak, where they live in longhouse communities along rivers.
Ibram X. Kendi
Ibram X. Kendi (born Ibram Henry Rogers, 1982), also Ibram Xolani Kendi, American historian of racism and antiracist scholar; National Book Award winner for Stamped from the Beginning, author of How to Be an Antiracist, founding director of BU's Center for Antiracist Research, now at Howard University.
Icarians
Icarians, followers of Etienne Cabet and his novel Voyage en Icarie, French utopian communists whose settlements ran from Texas (1848) through Nauvoo, Illinois, to Iowa communities lasting until 1898.
Ice Bucket Challenge
The Ice Bucket Challenge is a viral charity dare, famous from summer 2014, in which participants dump ice water on themselves on video and nominate others within 24 hours, raising $115 million for ALS research including the NEK1 gene discovery.
Id, ego and super-ego
Id, ego, and super-ego are the three agencies of Freud's 1923 structural model of the mind from The Ego and the Id: unconscious drives (id), reality-oriented mediator (ego), and internalized moral judge (superego), now criticized as untestable but still culturally central.