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Progressive Union (Brazil)
The Progressive Union (União Progressista) is a Brazilian party federation of União Brasil and the Progressistas, formalized in 2025 and approved by the electoral court in 2026.
Proposed second Scottish independence referendum
IndyRef2: proposed second Scottish independence referendum after the 2014 No vote (55.3-44.7). Requires a section 30 order; blocked by the UK Government and the 2022 UK Supreme Court ruling.
Race to the WH
Race to the WH (RacetotheWH) is an independent U.S. election forecast and polling aggregation site founded by Logan Phillips in June 2020, known for weighted polling averages, 50,000 daily simulations, and projections of all 435 House races.
Rachel Freier
Rachel "Ruchie" Freier, Brooklyn-born Hasidic lawyer and judge; first Hasidic woman elected to US public office (NYC Civil Court, 2016, 40.7% primary); founder of Ezras Nashim all-female ambulance corps and B'Derech; elected NY Supreme Court justice 2023.
RealClearPolitics
RealClearPolitics (RCP), founded 2000 by John McIntyre and Tom Bevan, is a US political news and polling aggregator known for the RCP Poll Average, a simple unweighted average of polls; Stagwell holds 35% since 2025.
Red states and blue states
Red states and blue states are informal U.S. labels for Republican- and Democratic-leaning states, fixed by the 2000 election after decades of shifting network map colors; purple states are competitive, and dichotomized maps overstate polarization.
Referendums by country
Referendums by country is an overview of how nations use popular votes: some constitutions require them, some let citizens trigger them, and Germany and the United States prohibit them federally.
Referendums in Australia
Referendums in Australia are compulsory national votes required under Section 128 to amend the Constitution, needing a double majority. Of 45 proposals since Federation only 8 passed, none since 1977; the 1967 and 2023 votes frame the record.
Referendums in Germany
Referendums in Germany exist at state (Land) and municipal levels under all 16 Länder constitutions, but the federal Basic Law provides no general nationwide referendum, only an Article 29 territorial Volksentscheid; Weimar-era referendums ended in 1933.
Referendums related to the European Union
Referendums related to the European Union: national votes on EU membership, treaty ratification, and policy opt-outs. 58 held by 2022; key cases include the 2005 French and Dutch rejections, Brexit 2016, and Iceland 2026.
Republican National Convention
The Republican National Convention (RNC) is the quadrennial nominating convention of the United States Republican Party, where delegates nominate presidential and vice presidential candidates and adopt the platform.
Republican Party efforts to disrupt the 2024 United States presidential election
Coordinated Republican National Committee, Trump campaign, and allied litigation, poll watching, voter roll challenge, and certification pressure campaigns around the 2024 U.S. presidential election, rooted in 2020 election denialism, largely rejected by courts.
Republican Party efforts to disrupt voting after the 2024 United States presidential election
Republican Party efforts to disrupt voting after the 2024 US election took four forms: executive orders asserting control over election rules, proof-of-citizenship legislation, restrictive state voting laws, and litigation.
Results breakdown of the 2025 Canadian federal election
Results breakdown of the 2025 Canadian federal election (45th general election, April 28, 2025): Liberal minority under Mark Carney, 170 of 343 seats, popular vote first since 2015, turnout 68.5%, Terrebonne decided by one vote.
Results of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum
Results of the 2016 UK EU membership referendum (Brexit referendum, 23 June 2016): Leave won 17,410,742 votes (51.9%) to Remain's 16,141,241 (48.1%), turnout 72.2%; Leave carried England and Wales, Remain Scotland, Northern Ireland, London, and Gibraltar.
Results of the 2019 Indian general election
Results of the 2019 Indian general election (17th Lok Sabha): BJP won a record 303 of 543 seats under Narendra Modi, Congress took 52 with 19.5% of votes; turnout 67.40%, counting 23 May 2019.
Results of the 2019 United Kingdom general election
Results of the 2019 UK general election (12 December 2019): Conservatives under Boris Johnson won 365 seats and a majority of 81 on 43.6% of the vote; Labour fell to 202 seats, the SNP won 48, turnout was 67.3%.
Results of the 2024 Indian general election
Results of the 2024 Indian general election (18th Lok Sabha): BJP won 240 of 543 seats, NDA 293-294, INDIA bloc 232-234, Congress 99; Modi formed a coalition government for a third term after seven-phase voting.
Results of the 2024 United Kingdom general election
2024 UK general election (4 July 2024): Labour under Keir Starmer won 411 of 650 seats on 33.7% of the vote, giving a 172-seat majority, while Rishi Sunak's Conservatives fell to 121 seats, their worst result; turnout 59.7%.
Results of the 2025 Canadian federal election by riding
Riding-by-riding results of Canada's 45th federal election, April 28, 2025: 343 first-past-the-post districts, 19.8 million voters (69 percent turnout), Liberal plurality three seats short of a majority, Poilievre defeated in his own seat.
Results of the 2025 German federal election
Results of the 2025 German federal election (Bundestagswahl 2025), held 23 February 2025: CDU/CSU won 28.6% and 208 of 630 seats, AfD doubled to 20.8% (152 seats), SPD fell to 16.4%, FDP and BSW missed the 5% threshold, turnout 82.5%.
Results of the 2025 Singaporean general election
GE2025 (3 May 2025): Singapore's 14th general election since independence. PAP won 87 of 97 seats with 65.57% (up from 61.23% in 2020); WP kept 10 seats; turnout 92.47%.
Richard Nixon 1972 presidential campaign
Richard Nixon's 1972 presidential campaign was his successful Republican re-election bid, defeating Senator George McGovern with 60.7 percent of the vote and every state but Massachusetts.
Riigikogu
Riigikogu is the unicameral 101-member parliament of Estonia, elected for four-year terms across 12 districts, holding legislative power under § 59 of the 1992 Constitution; it elects the President, passes the budget, and descends from the 1919–1920 Asutav Kogu.
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaign
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s 2024 presidential campaign was an independent US presidential bid launched in April 2023, suspended in August 2024 with an endorsement of Donald Trump.
Rocky De La Fuente
Rocky De La Fuente (Roque De La Fuente Guerra), San Diego real estate entrepreneur and perennial candidate; 2016 Democratic primary contender, Reform Party and American Delta Party nominee, 2018 nine-state Senate primary loser, 2020 Alliance and Reform Party nominee, and ballot-access litigant.
Rodina (Народно-патриотический союз «Родина») (political bloc)
Rodina (Народно-патриотический союз «Родина»), Russian nationalist-patriotic electoral bloc founded September 2003 by three parties; led by Rogozin, Glazyev, Baburin; won 9.02% in the 2003 Duma election; merged into A Just Russia in 2006.
Ross Perot 1992 presidential campaign
Ross Perot's 1992 independent presidential campaign: billionaire Texan who announced on Larry King Live, spent $65 million, dropped out in July, re-entered October 1, ran infomercials with James Stockdale, and won 18.9 percent of the popular vote with zero electoral votes, the best third-party result since 1912.
Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections
Russian interference in the 2016 US elections: Putin-ordered campaign combining IRA social media disinformation, GRU hack-and-release of Democratic emails, and election infrastructure scanning; confirmed by the 2017 ICA, Mueller report, and Senate Intelligence Committee.
Russian interference in the 2024 United States elections
Russian interference in the 2024 U.S. elections: covert Kremlin-backed influence operations, including Doppelgänger fake news sites, Storm-1516 staged videos, AI-generated disinformation, and $10 million paid to U.S. influencers, aimed at denigrating Harris; no acts of interference found.