9 articles
Chinese Dream (中国梦)
The Chinese Dream (中国梦, zhongguo meng) is Xi Jinping's signature ideology, promoted since November 2012, centered on the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, tied to the two centenaries and contrasted with the individualist American Dream.
Chinese government sanctions
Chinese government sanctions: unilateral punitive measures and countermeasures by the PRC, built on the Unreliable Entity List (2020), Blocking Rules, and Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law (2021); mostly US targets, Taiwan/Hong Kong/Xinjiang triggers.
Debt-trap diplomacy
Debt-trap diplomacy, a term coined by Brahma Chellaney in 2017, alleges China lends deliberately unpayable sums under the Belt and Road Initiative to seize strategic assets; the Hambantota port lease is the cited case, though most scholarship disputes the claim.
Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence (和平共处五项原则) are state-to-state norms proposed by Zhou Enlai in 1953 and affirmed in the 1954 China-India and China-Burma joint statements: sovereignty respect, non-aggression, non-interference, equality and mutual benefit, peaceful coexistence.
Hide your strength, bide your time
Hide your strength, bide your time (taoguang yanghui, 韬光养晦) is Deng Xiaoping's 1989 Chinese foreign-policy guideline of keeping a low profile, later abandoned under Xi Jinping in favor of fenfa youwei, striving for achievement.
One China principle (一个中国原则)
One China principle (一个中国原则): the PRC's position that there is one China, Taiwan is part of it, and the PRC is its sole legal government; distinct from the U.S. one China policy.
Paper tiger
Paper tiger (zhilaohu, 纸老虎) means something seemingly powerful but actually fragile. Mao Zedong coined its political use in 1946, calling the atom bomb and all reactionaries paper tigers; the phrase later spread into English political rhetoric.
Two Chinas
Two Chinas is the rejected formula that the PRC and ROC coexist as two legitimate states. Both governments opposed it; UN Resolution 2758 (1971) recognized the PRC as China's sole lawful representative, and Taiwan retains 12 diplomatic allies.
Wang Huning
Wang Huning (王沪宁), born 1955 in Shanghai, is China's chief party ideologue: Fudan professor turned Central Policy Research Office director, author of America Against America, Politburo Standing Committee member since 2017, and CPPCC chairman since 2023.