33 articles
Alceste De Ambris
Alceste De Ambris (1874–1934), Italian revolutionary syndicalist born at Licciana Nardi; led the 1908 Parma agrarian strike, founded the USI, drafted the Carta del Carnaro at Fiume for D'Annunzio, and died an anti-fascist exile in France.
Alexander Dubček
Alexander Dubček (1921–1992), Slovak communist politician, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia 1968–69, leader of the Prague Spring reforms under "Socialism with a Human Face", ousted after the August 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion, later Chairman of the Federal Assembly.
Alexandra Kollontai (Александра Михайловна Коллонтай)
Alexandra Kollontai (Александра Михайловна Коллонтай), 1872–1952, Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist feminist theorist; first woman cabinet minister (1917) and first woman ambassador; founded the Zhenotdel, wrote on women's liberation, sexuality, and diplomacy.
Andreas Papandreou (Ανδρέας Γεωργίου Παπανδρέου)
Andreas Papandreou (Ανδρέας Παπανδρέου), Greek economist and socialist politician, founded PASOK in 1974 and served as Greek prime minister 1981-1989 and 1993-1996, son of Georgios Papandreou.
Clara Zetkin
Clara Zetkin (Clara Eißner, 1857–1933), German Marxist socialist feminist, editor of Die Gleichheit, founder of International Women's Day (Copenhagen 1910), KPD Reichstag deputy 1920–1933, and anti-fascist orator who died in Soviet exile.
Egon Krenz
Egon Krenz (born 1937, Kolberg) was the last General Secretary of the SED and last chairman of the GDR Council of State, October to December 1989, succeeding Honecker; later convicted for Berlin Wall deaths.
Eleanor Marx
Eleanor Marx (1855–1898), youngest daughter of Karl Marx, English socialist campaigner, trade union organizer, and translator of Flaubert and Ibsen; co-founded the Socialist League and helped lead New Unionism.
Ernest Mandel
Ernest Mandel, pen name Ernest Germaine, was a Belgian Marxist economist and Trotskyist leader who wrote Late Capitalism and led the Fourth International for decades.
François Hollande
François Hollande (born 1954, Rouen) is a French Socialist politician, president of the Republic 2012–2017 and, since July 2024, deputy for Corrèze's 1st constituency under the Nouveau Front Populaire.
Friedrich Ebert
Friedrich Ebert (1871–1925), German Social Democratic leader, first Reich President of the Weimar Republic; SPD chairman from 1913, headed the 1918 Council of People's Deputies, elected president 11 February 1919.
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1901–1965), Romania's first communist leader: party general secretary from 1945, premier 1952–1955, State Council president 1961–1965, Stalinist ruler who later asserted independence from Moscow.
Imre Nagy
Imre Nagy (Nagy Imre), Hungarian communist politician, twice prime minister (1953–55, 1956), led the 1956 revolution, declared neutrality and Warsaw Pact withdrawal, was executed in 1958 and reburied in 1989.
James Larkin
James (Big Jim) Larkin (1874–1947), Liverpool-born Irish trade union leader who founded the ITGWU, led the 1913 Dublin Lockout, was jailed in the US for criminal anarchy, and later led the Workers' Union of Ireland.
János Kádár
János Kádár (1912–1989), Hungarian communist leader, ruled Hungary 1956–1988 as HSWP first secretary after crushing the 1956 revolution, executed Imre Nagy, and introduced goulash communism and the 1968 New Economic Mechanism.
Julius Martov (Юлий Осипович Цедербаум)
Julius Martov (Yuli Osipovich Tsederbaum, 1873–1923), Russian Marxist, co-founder of Iskra with Lenin, and leader of the Mensheviks after the 1903 RSDLP split; led Menshevik-Internationalists in 1917, opposed Bolshevik rule, died in Berlin exile.
Karl Liebknecht
Karl Liebknecht (1871–1919), German socialist lawyer and anti-militarist, son of SPD co-founder Wilhelm Liebknecht; sole Reichstag deputy to vote against war credits in December 1914, Spartacus League leader with Rosa Luxemburg, KPD co-founder, murdered 15 January 1919 in Berlin.
Léon Blum
Léon Blum (1872–1950), French socialist leader of the SFIO and first Jewish prime minister of France, headed the Popular Front government of 1936–37, enacted the Matignon agreements, paid holidays, and the 40-hour week, refused Pétain full powers, was deported, and briefly led a 1946–47 government.
Louis Charles Delescluze
Louis Charles Delescluze (1809-1871), French republican journalist and politician, founder of L'Impartial du Nord, La Révolution démocratique et sociale, and Le Réveil; deported to Cayenne under the Second Empire; civil delegate to war of the Paris Commune, killed on the Château-d'Eau barricade 25 May 1871.
Maria Ilyinichna Ulyanova
Maria Ilyinichna Ulyanova (Мария Ильинична Ульянова, 1878–1937), Bolshevik revolutionary and journalist, Lenin's youngest sister. Iskra agent, exiled to Vologda 1912; Pravda's de facto head editor 1917–1928 with Bukharin; Commission of Soviet Control member; buried at the Kremlin Wall.
Martin Schulz
Martin Schulz, German SPD politician born 1955, mayor of Würselen, Member and President of the European Parliament 2012–2017, and 2017 SPD chancellor candidate.
Otto Bauer
Otto Bauer (1881–1938), Austrian Social Democratic politician and Austromarxist theorist; foreign minister 1918–1919, SDAP deputy leader, author of the 1907 nationalities theory and the 1926 Linz Program; died in Paris exile.
Paul Mattick
Paul Mattick (1904–1981), German-born American machinist and council communist theorist; author of Marx and Keynes (1969); critiqued the USSR as state capitalism and applied Grossman's crisis theory.
Rosa Luxemburg
Rosa Luxemburg (Róża Luksemburg, 1871–1919), Polish-German Marxist theorist and SDKPiL co-founder; wrote Die Akkumulation des Kapitals (1912), opposed Polish independence, co-founded the KPD, murdered in Berlin 15 January 1919.
Rudolf Slánský
Rudolf Slánský (1901–1952), Czechoslovak communist politician and KSČ General Secretary 1945–1951, executed in December 1952 after the notorious Prague show trial of fourteen defendants, eleven of Jewish origin.
Sahra Wagenknecht
Sahra Wagenknecht, German economist and politician born 1969 in Jena; ex-Die Linke parliamentary co-leader, founder and former chair of the left-conservative BSW party, which narrowly missed Bundestag entry in 2025 before her late-2025 leadership withdrawal.
Santiago Armesilla
Santiago Armesilla (Madrid, 1982) is a Spanish political scientist and economist, PhD from Universidad Complutense de Madrid, creator of "materialismo político" (Marx plus Gustavo Bueno) and the Iberofonía project, author of La vuelta del revés de Marx and a large YouTube following.
Sophia Perovskaya (Софья Львовна Перовская)
Sophia Perovskaya (Софья Львовна Перовская), 1853–1881, Russian populist revolutionary of Narodnaya Volya; aristocrat by birth, she directed and signaled the March 1, 1881 assassination of Tsar Alexander II and was the first woman executed in Russia for a political crime.
Svetozar Marković
Svetozar Marković (Светозар Марковић, 1846–1875) was a Serbian socialist thinker and publicist who founded the socialist movement in Serbia and published the Balkans' first socialist newspaper.
Tony Cliff
Tony Cliff (Ygael Gluckstein, 1917-2000), Palestine-born British Trotskyist who developed the theory of bureaucratic state capitalism in the USSR, was excluded from the Fourth International in 1950, and founded the Socialist Workers Party and International Socialist Tendency.
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Lenin (Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov, 1870–1924), Bolshevik leader, founder of the Russian Communist Party, and first head of the Soviet state; led the October 1917 coup, the Red Terror, and the 1921 New Economic Policy.