25 articles
'Democratic'-named parties and alliances worldwide
'Democratic'-named parties and alliances worldwide examines why the label is so common: it rose after World War II and the Soviet collapse, yet is uncorrelated with measured democracy.
Brothers of Italy
Brothers of Italy (Fratelli d'Italia, FdI) is an Italian national-conservative party founded in December 2012 from a People of Freedom splinter, heir to National Alliance and the 1946 MSI, keeping the tricolour flame. Led by Giorgia Meloni, it won the 2022 election with 26.0% and 118 of 400 seats, making her Italy's first female Prime Minister.
Carlton Club
Carlton Club, London gentlemen's club founded by Tories in 1832 after the 1831 election defeat, closely tied to the Conservative Party; based at 94 Pall Mall until a 1940 bomb, now at 69 St James's Street.
Clive Palmer
Clive Palmer (born 1954) is an Australian mining magnate who founded the Palmer United Party (2013) and United Australia Party (2018), spending tens of millions per election on advertising that won almost no seats.
Conservative Party (UK)
Conservative Party (UK), the Tories, right-of-center British party dating from the 1834 Tory-to-Conservative transition; governed 2010-2024, then won only 121 seats in 2024; led since November 2024 by Kemi Badenoch.
Grand coalition
Grand coalition (Große Koalition): a government coalition of the two largest parties in a parliamentary system, classically CDU/CSU–SPD in Germany (1966–69, 2005–09, 2013–17) and ÖVP–SPÖ in Austria, with formation logics and party-system costs.
Green Party (UK)
Green Party (UK): the Green Party of England and Wales, founded 1973 as PEOPLE, Ecology Party from 1975. Four MPs since 2024, led by Zack Polanski since September 2025, record 1,357 councillors after May 2026.
History of the Indian National Congress
History of the Indian National Congress (INC), founded 28 December 1885 in Bombay; led India's independence movement under Gandhi and Nehru, dominated post-1947 politics, then declined to 44 seats in 2014 before recovering to 99 in 2024.
Italian Social Movement
The Italian Social Movement (Movimento Sociale Italiano, MSI) was Italy's neo-fascist party, founded 26 December 1946 by veterans of Mussolini's Salò republic, led long by Giorgio Almirante, and transformed into Alleanza Nazionale in 1995.
Justice and Development Party (Turkey)
Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP), Turkish ruling party founded 14 August 2001 by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan; governed since 2002, won 34.28% and 363 seats in 2002, adopted conservative democracy, and created the executive presidency via the 2017 referendum.
List of communist parties
List of communist parties: parties of the communist party family, from Comintern sections founded after 1919 under the Twenty-one Conditions to ruling Leninist parties like the CCP and electoral parties such as the PCP and KKE.
List of frivolous political parties
Frivolous political parties, or joke parties, are parties created for entertainment or satire, including the UK's Monster Raving Loony Party, Canada's Rhinoceros Party, and Australia's Sun Ripened Warm Tomatoes Party, with varying ballot access treatment.
List of Libertarian Party politicians who have held office in the United States
Libertarian Party officeholders in the United States: elected and switched officials from Dick Randolph (Alaska, 1978) and Justin Amash (Congress, 2020) to over 300 current officeholders, mostly local, with counts varying by criteria.
List of political parties in Australia
Register of federal political parties in Australia maintained by the AEC under Part XI of the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918; covers Labor, Liberal, Nationals, Greens, One Nation, and minor parties, with registration requirements and dates.
List of political parties in Finland
Political parties of Finland (Eduskunta parties): multi-party system with no thresholds; 2023 results led by National Coalition (48), Finns (46), SDP (43); Orpo four-party coalition holds 108 of 200 seats.
List of political parties in the Netherlands
Political parties in the Netherlands: a fragmented multi-party system with no electoral threshold, five party families (CDA, CU, PvdA, SP, VVD, D66, GroenLinks, PVV), 15 parties in parliament after the 2025 election, and the 2026 Jetten minority coalition.
List of scandals in India
List of scandals in India: proven political, financial, and corporate scandals since 1947, from the Jeep scandal and Bofors to the 2G spectrum ($39 billion), Coalgate, Commonwealth Games, and fodder scam cases.
Lists of active separatist movements
Lists of active separatist movements catalog movements seeking independence, autonomy, or union with another state; counts range from 60 active secessionist movements in 2020 to 2,529 broad entries, with major datasets including SDM and SRDP.
National Bolshevik Party (Национал-большевистская партия)
National Bolshevik Party (Национал-большевистская партия, NBP), also called Nazbols, was a Russian radical red-brown party founded 1993–94 by Eduard Limonov and Aleksandr Dugin, known for its Limonka newspaper, provocations, ban by Russian courts, and successor Other Russia.
National Union (Portugal)
União Nacional (National Union, later Acção Nacional Popular): Salazar's sole legal political organisation of Portugal's Estado Novo, founded 1930 as an anti-party civic association, dissolved by decree on 25 April 1974.
Natural Law Party
Natural Law Party (NLP), US political party founded April 1992 in Fairfield, Iowa, tied to Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's Transcendental Meditation movement; ran John Hagelin for president in 1992, 1996, and 2000, peaked at 48-state ballot access, dissolved in many areas from 2004 but survived in Michigan.
Political party
Political party: an organized group seeking elective office to implement shared principles. Known via cadre, mass, catch-all, and cartel party models; present in 155 constitutions; central to democratic representation.
Progress Party (Norway)
Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet, FrP), Norwegian right-wing populist party founded 8 April 1973 by Anders Lange as an anti-tax party; renamed 1977, led by Carl I. Hagen 1978-2006, in government 2013-2020, best-ever result in 2025.
Rhinoceros Party
Rhinoceros Party (Parti Rhinocéros), Canadian satirical party founded 1963 by Jacques Ferron; promised to keep none of its promises, peaked at ~110,000 votes in 1980, won no seats, deregistered 1993, revived since 2011.
Yamina (ימינה)
Yamina (ימינה, "rightwards") was an Israeli right-wing electoral alliance of the New Right, Jewish Home, and National Union, founded in 2019, led by Naftali Bennett and Ayelet Shaked, which won 6-7 Knesset seats and supplied Israel's prime minister from 2021 to 2022 before dissolving ahead of the 2022 election.