22,256 articles
Elections in Russia
Elections in Russia: national, regional, and local votes since 1989, now held under electoral authoritarianism. No democratic transfer of power; United Russia dominates; OSCE observers excluded; Golos dismantled; statistical fraud studies.
Elections in Scotland
Elections in Scotland (Scottish Parliament elections, Holyrood elections) use the Additional Member System: 73 constituency MSPs by first-past-the-post plus 56 regional MSPs by modified d'Hondt party list, every five years; SNP won 64 of 129 seats in 2021, turnout 53.4% in 2026.
Elections in South Africa
Elections in South Africa: national, provincial and local contests run by the IEC under proportional representation since the first non-racial vote of 27 April 1994; the ANC ruled until losing its majority in the 2024 election, forcing a coalition government.
Elections in Spain
Elections in Spain (elecciones en España) cover general, European, regional, and local votes under LOREG. Congress uses closed-list D'Hondt PR in 50 provinces with a 3% threshold; the Senate uses majority voting; first democratic election 15 June 1977.
Elections in Tamil Nadu
Elections in Tamil Nadu: contests for the 234-seat state Legislative Assembly. Dominated since 1967 by the DMK and AIADMK Dravidian parties; the debutant Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam won 108 of 234 seats in the single-phase 23 April 2026 election.
Elections in the Netherlands
Elections in the Netherlands (Nederlandse verkiezingen): proportional representation since 1917 with no formal threshold, 150-seat House elected nationwide, plus European, provincial, municipal, and water authority elections.
Elections in the Philippines
Elections in the Philippines: synchronized triennial national and local polls run by COMELEC, automated since 2010, marked by weak parties, clientelism, and entrenched political dynasties despite a constitutional ban.
Elections in the Republic of Ireland
Elections in the Republic of Ireland, also called Irish elections, use PR-STV (proportional representation, single transferable vote) for Dáil, local, European, presidential, and mayoral elections; 174 TDs in 43 constituencies, quota-based counting, referendums by yes/no.
Elections in the United Kingdom
Elections in the United Kingdom: general elections to the 650-seat House of Commons use first past the post, while devolved legislatures use AMS, STV, and closed-list PR; the 2024 result was the most disproportionate on record.
Elections in the United States
Elections in the United States: decentralized state-run contests for president, Congress, and local offices, using the Electoral College, primaries, and federal laws like the VRA, NVRA, and HAVA.
Elections in Uttar Pradesh
Elections in Uttar Pradesh, India's most populous state: 80 Lok Sabha seats (17 SC-reserved), 403-seat Vidhan Sabha (85 SC-reserved), ECI-administered, BJP vs SP-BSP competition, 2022 BJP win (255 seats, 41.29%), 2024 SP-led reversal (37 seats).
Elections in Venezuela
Elections in Venezuela, run by the National Electoral Council (CNE), cover presidential, legislative, and regional contests. Key facts: electronic voting with paper actas, disputed 2018 and 2024 Maduro victories, 2025 boycott election, and post-2026 transition.
Elections to the European Parliament
Elections to the European Parliament: five-yearly direct elections by universal suffrage since June 1979 under the 1976 Electoral Act, using proportional representation; 720 MEPs elected in June 2024.
Elective monarchy
Elective monarchy: a monarchy where the ruler is chosen by election rather than hereditary succession. Key cases include the Holy Roman Empire, the papacy, Poland-Lithuania's 1573 free election, and Malaysia's five-year Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
Electoral activity of the Democratic Socialists of America
The electoral activity of the Democratic Socialists of America is its decentralized practice of endorsing candidates, with local chapters and the national body endorsing independently.
Electoral college
The Electoral College is the U.S. process for electing the president: 538 electors allocated by congressional delegation, 270 needed to win, winner-take-all in 48 states, with popular-vote divergences in 1824, 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016.
Electoral College (India)
The Electoral College (India) elects the President under Articles 54-55: elected MPs and MLAs of States, Delhi, and Puducherry vote by single transferable vote with population-weighted values based on the 1971 census.
Electoral Count Act
The Electoral Count Act of 1887, also called the ECA, was the U.S. federal law governing Congress's counting of presidential electoral votes, created after the disputed 1876 Hayes-Tilden election and replaced by the Electoral Count Reform Act of 2022.
Electoral district
Electoral district (constituency, riding, ward): a geographic area electing one or more representatives. Covers district magnitude, single-member vs multimember districts, U.S. redistricting law, gerrymandering, and proportionality effects.
Electoral district (Canada)
Electoral district (Canada), also called riding or constituency (circonscription in Quebec usage): one of 343 federal or 780 provincial areas each electing one member, redrawn decennially by independent commissions within a ±25% population quota.
Electoral district of Secret Harbour
Secret Harbour is a single-member Western Australian Legislative Assembly district created at the 2023 redistribution from Warnbro, covering part of Rockingham and part of Mandurah. Paul Papalia won it in 2025; a 2026 by-election after his retirement gave One Nation its first WA lower house seat.
Electoral fraud
Electoral fraud is the illegal attempt to shape an election's result. It covers clandestine efforts by candidates and parties through vote buying and voter intimidation.
Electoral fraud in the United States
Electoral fraud in the United States covers illegal efforts to shape election results. Individual fraud occurs but systematic manipulation has not been shown; disputes center on the Heritage fraud database, noncitizen voting, and 2020 claims.
Electoral history of Barack Obama
Barack Obama's electoral history includes three Illinois state senate victories, a 2004 U.S. Senate win, and two presidential elections, becoming the first Black president in 2008.
Electoral history of Justin Trudeau
Electoral history of Justin Trudeau: five straight wins as Liberal candidate for Papineau, Quebec, 2008-2021; leadership 2013; majority 2015, minorities 2019 and 2021; resignation 2025.
Electoral history of Mark Carney
Electoral history of Mark Carney: Liberal leadership win 9 March 2025 with 85.88% of points, prime minister from 14 March 2025, MP for Nepean, Liberals first in the 45th general election 28 April 2025 with 169 of 343 seats, minority, later 174-seat majority.
Electoral history of Pierre Poilievre
The electoral history of Pierre Poilievre covers his seven federal election wins from 2004 to 2021, his 2025 defeat in Carleton, and his 2025 by-election return.
Electoral history of Rahul Gandhi
Electoral history of Rahul Gandhi: seven Lok Sabha candidacies 2004-2024 as INC candidate, six wins. Amethi wins 2004-2014, 2019 Amethi loss to Smriti Irani, Wayanad wins 2019 and 2024, Rae Bareli 2024, now 12th Leader of the Opposition.
Electoral law of Brazil
The electoral law of Brazil governs Brazilian elections under the Superior Electoral Tribunal (TSE), with compulsory voting and elections on the first Sunday of October.
Electoral reform
Electoral reform: changing electoral rules, systems, registration, finance, and administration. Covers the 1990s reform wave (Italy, New Zealand, Japan), elite-driven versus popular reform, and recent cases in Italy, Australia, Canada, the UK, and US ballot measures.