22,256 articles
Empress Genshō
Empress Genshō (元正天皇), 44th monarch of Japan, reigned 715–724 in the Nara period; daughter of Empress Genmei and only empress regnant to succeed another, overseeing the Yōrō Code, the Nihon Shoki (720), and the 723 Sanze-isshin-hō land law.
Empress Masako
Empress Masako (雅子), born Masako Owada 1963, is empress consort of Emperor Naruhito of Japan, a former Harvard- and Oxford-educated diplomat who married him in 1993 after a seven-year courtship.
Empress Michiko (正田美智子)
Empress Michiko (正田美智子), born Michiko Shoda 20 October 1934, is Empress Emerita of Japan, wife of Emperor Emeritus Akihito, and the first commoner to become empress in modern Japanese history.
Empress Myeongseong
Empress Myeongseong, known in her lifetime as Queen Min, was the wife of King Gojong of Joseon and the dominant figure at the Korean court until her 1895 assassination by Japanese agents.
Empress Xiaoxianchun
Empress Xiaoxianchun (孝賢純皇后), Lady Fuca, was Qianlong's first empress; daughter of Lirongbao, sister of Fuheng, married 1727, empress 1737, died 1748 at Dezhou, triggering a mourning scandal.
Empress Xiaoyichun (孝仪纯皇后)
Empress Xiaoyichun (孝仪纯皇后), consort Wei of the Qianlong Emperor, mother of the Jiaqing Emperor; died 1775 as Imperial Noble Consort Ling, posthumously empress from 1795.
Encho Keryazov
Encho Keryazov is a Bulgarian politician who became Minister of Youth and Sports on May 8, 2026, taking office amid a reduced budget and disputes in sports federations.
End of history
The end of history is Francis Fukuyama's 1989 thesis, expanded in his 1992 book The End of History and the Last Man, that liberal democracy is the final form of government; debated against Huntington's clash of civilizations and contested by later events.
Enda Kenny
Enda Kenny (born 1951, Islandeady, Co. Mayo) is an Irish former Fine Gael leader (2002–2017) and Taoiseach (2011–2017), TD for Mayo from 1975, later chair of Ireland for Law.
Endelkachew Makonnen
Endelkachew Makonnen was an Ethiopian aristocrat and diplomat, the last imperial prime minister of Ethiopia under Haile Selassie in 1974, executed by the Derg that November.
Endicott Peabody
Endicott Peabody (1920-1997), Democratic 64th governor of Massachusetts 1963-1965, Harvard-educated Navy Silver Star recipient who beat John Volpe by about 5,400 votes in 1962, lost the 1964 primary to Bellotti, and later ran for Senate against Edward Brooke.
Endokomuna
Endokomuna, also Endo-Communism, is a Polish portmanteau of Endecja and komunia for a nationalist-communist tendency in the Polish United Workers' Party, strongest under Interior Minister Mieczysław Moczar.
Endorsements in the 2024 United Kingdom general election
Endorsements in the 2024 United Kingdom general election: press backing of parties on 4 July 2024. Labour won five of ten daily endorsements, including the Sun's first Labour backing since 1997 or 2005 (sources differ), while Telegraph, Mail and Express stayed Conservative.
Enele Maʻafu
Enele Maʻafu, a Tongan prince and high chief, conquered and governed eastern Fiji in the name of Tonga, becoming the first Tui Lau and signing the 1874 Deed of Cession.
Energy Charter Treaty
Energy Charter Treaty (ECT): multilateral energy investment and trade agreement signed 17 December 1994, in force 16 April 1998, with Article 26 ISDS arbitration; modernised 2022-2024 amid mass European withdrawals including the EU in 2025.
Energy diplomacy
Energy diplomacy: use of foreign policy and diplomatic instruments to secure energy supplies, promote government-to-government energy cooperation, and manage critical minerals; also called oil diplomacy, marked by US shale-era limits and post-2022 crisis mobilization.
Engelbert Dollfuss
Engelbert Dollfuß (also Dollfuss, 1892–1934), Austrian Christian Social Federal Chancellor 1932–1934, suspended parliament in 1933, founded the Fatherland Front, built the authoritarian Ständestaat after the February 1934 civil war, and was assassinated by Austrian Nazis in the July 1934 putsch.
Engin Eroglu
Engin Eroglu is a German politician of the Free Voters who has served in the European Parliament since 2019 and chairs the delegation for relations with China.
English claims to the French throne
English claims to the French throne: dynastic assertions begun by Edward III in 1340 via his mother Isabella, contested by Salic law, driving the Hundred Years' War, and surviving as a royal title until 1801.
English Defence League
The English Defence League (EDL) was a far-right, anti-Islam protest movement founded in Luton, England in 2009 and led by Tommy Robinson (Stephen Yaxley-Lennon) until his 2013 resignation.
English Democrats
The English Democrats are a minor English nationalist party founded around 2002-2003 by solicitor Robin Tilbrook, campaigning for an independent England with its own parliament, points-based immigration, and an end to mass immigration; it polled 64,826 votes (0.2%) in 2010 and briefly held the Doncaster mayoralty in 2009.
English parish and town council elections
Elections to England's roughly 10,000 civil parish and town councils, the lowest tier of local government, are held every four years, though most seats are filled without a poll.
English school of international relations theory
The English school of international relations theory, or international society school, is a British-origin IR tradition via media between realism and liberalism, centered on Hedley Bull, Martin Wight, the British Committee (1959), and pluralist-solidarist debates.
Enlightened absolutism
Enlightened absolutism, or enlightened despotism (despotisme éclairé), is eighteenth-century absolute monarchy pursuing Enlightenment-inspired legal, social, and educational reforms; standard cases include Frederick II, Joseph II, Catherine II, and Charles III of Spain.
Enoch Godongwana
Enoch Godongwana is a South African politician and African National Congress member serving as Minister of Finance since 2021, and again from 2024, formerly a trade union leader.
Enoch Powell
John Enoch Powell (1912-1998), British classical scholar and Conservative then Ulster Unionist MP; Minister of Health 1960-63; 'Rivers of Blood' speech 1968; broke with Conservatives over EEC in 1974; MP for South Down 1974-87.
Enrico Bignami
Enrico Bignami was an Italian socialist journalist, born in Lodi in 1844, who founded the newspaper La Plebe in 1868 and later edited the review Coenobium from exile in Lugano.
Enrico Dandolo
Enrico Dandolo (c. 1107–1205), doge of Venice 1192–1205, first doge bound by the promissione ducale; blind from 1178–1183, he diverted the Fourth Crusade to Zara and Constantinople, partitioned Byzantium, and took the title lord of a fourth and a half of the empire.
Enrico De Nicola
Enrico De Nicola (1877–1959), Neapolitan criminal lawyer and liberal statesman, provisional Head of State from 1946 and first President of the Italian Republic (1 January–11 May 1948), later Senate and Constitutional Court president.
Enrique Hertzog
Enrique Hertzog (Enrique Hertzog Garaizábal) was a Bolivian physician and politician, President of Bolivia from March 1947 until he resigned for ill health in October 1949.