22,256 articles
Historical rankings of presidents of the United States
Historical rankings of US presidents: expert surveys begun by Arthur Schlesinger Sr. in 1948, now led by Siena (since 1982), C-SPAN, and the Presidential Greatness Project; Lincoln, Washington, and FDR consistently top.
Historical rankings of prime ministers of the United Kingdom
Historical rankings of UK prime ministers: academic surveys by Theakston and Gill (2004, 2011, 2016), MPs' 2023 poll, and YouGov popularity trackers. Attlee, Churchill, Lloyd George and Thatcher consistently top expert rankings; Eden and Truss rank lowest.
Historiography of ideologies
The historiography of ideologies is the study of how scholars have written about political ideologies historically, tracing the concept from Marx and Mannheim through the Cambridge school and Begriffsgeschichte.
History of anarchism
History of anarchism: political tradition skeptical of state authority, from Godwin's 1793 Enquiry and Proudhon's mutualism through Bakunin, Kropotkin, and Spanish anarcho-syndicalism's 1936-1939 apogee to contemporary movements.
History of apportionment methods
The history of apportionment methods traces US House seat-allocation rules from the 1792 Hamilton-Jefferson dispute and Washington's first veto to the Alabama paradox and Hill's 1941 method.
History of Christian democracy
The history of Christian democracy runs from Catholic social teaching and confessional parties to postwar dominance in Western Europe, where it built welfare states and drove European integration before declining since the 1970s.
History of communism
The history of communism traces the ideology from Marx and Engels's 1848 Communist Manifesto through the 1917 Russian Revolution to the era of communist states ending in 1989.
History of democracy
The history of democracy covers rule by the people from Athenian demokratia around 507 BC through the Roman Republic to modern representative democracy from the 18th century.
History of democratic thought
The history of democratic thought traces how ideas of rule by the people developed from the Greek city-states through the French Revolution to modern representative democracy.
History of liberalism
History of liberalism, also called history of liberal thought, traces the political doctrine of individual rights and limited government, from Spinoza and Locke through Mill's On Liberty of 1859.
History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi, 1969-2011: the Jamahiriya era, also called the state of the masses, built on people's congresses, the Third Universal Theory, personal rule, 2003 sanctions reintegration, and the 2011 uprising that ended his 42-year rule.
History of political science
History of political science: from Plato and Aristotle's Greek political philosophy through Machiavelli, Hobbes, and Locke, to the 1903 founding of APSA, the behavioral revolution, and new institutionalism.
History of Sikkim
History of Sikkim: Himalayan kingdom first inhabited by the Lepchas, ruled by twelve Namgyal Chogyals from 1642, a British then Indian protectorate, and India's 22nd state after the 1975 referendum.
History of social choice theory
The history of social choice theory traces how individual votes combine into collective decisions, pioneered by Borda and Condorcet in the 1780s and transformed by Arrow's 1951 impossibility theorem.
History of the consular service
The history of the consular service traces how states came to post officials abroad to protect nationals and trade, from medieval merchant consuls to the 1963 Vienna Convention.
History of the Democratic Party (United States)
The history of the Democratic Party, America's oldest political party, begins with Andrew Jackson's 1828 victory and follows its shift from Southern states' rights to the New Deal coalition.
History of the Democratic Socialists of America
The history of the Democratic Socialists of America covers the socialist organization from its 1982 founding merger in Detroit to its post-2016 surge past 90,000 members.
History of the European Union
History of the European Union: how the 1951 European Coal and Steel Community of six states grew, through the Treaties of Rome, Maastricht, the euro, and successive enlargements and crises, into today's union of 27 members.
History of the European Union (1993–2004)
History of the European Union 1993–2004: from the Maastricht Treaty creating the EU and the single market, through the euro, Amsterdam and Nice treaties, to the 1 May 2004 'Big Bang' enlargement from 15 to 25 member states.
History of the Indian National Congress
History of the Indian National Congress (INC), founded 28 December 1885 in Bombay; led India's independence movement under Gandhi and Nehru, dominated post-1947 politics, then declined to 44 seats in 2014 before recovering to 99 in 2024.
History of the Republican Party (United States)
History of the Republican Party (GOP), founded 1854 against slavery extension via the Kansas-Nebraska Act; Lincoln's party, Reconstruction author, New Deal-era minority, and post-1964 Southern-realigned conservative party.
History of the single transferable vote
History of the single transferable vote (STV), also called the Hare system: from Thomas Wright Hill's 1819 Birmingham quota election through Carl Andræ's 1855 Danish Rigsråd scheme and Thomas Hare's 1857 Machinery of Representation to Droop, Gregory, and Meek counting refinements and adoption in Tasmania, Ireland, Malta, and Australia.
History of the United Nations
History of the United Nations: also UN Charter history. International organization founded 1945 after WWII, successor to the League of Nations; Charter signed 26 June 1945 at San Francisco, in force 24 October 1945.
Hitesh Barot
Hitesh Barot is an Indian Bharatiya Janata Party politician elected Mayor of Ahmedabad in 2026, after serving as a Thaltej ward councillor and Standing Committee chairman.
Hitler cabinet
Hitler cabinet (Hitlerreichsregierung): the Reich government formed 30 January 1933 under Chancellor Adolf Hitler, initially a conservative-heavy coalition, empowered by the Enabling Act, and defunct as a decision-making body by the late 1930s.
Hitler's Willing Executioners
Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust, Daniel Jonah Goldhagen's 1996 Knopf book attributing the Holocaust to German eliminationist antisemitism; a US and German bestseller rejected by most historians and debated against Browning's Ordinary Men.
Hizb ut-Tahrir (حزب التحرير)
Hizb ut-Tahrir (حزب التحرير), the Party of Liberation, is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Jerusalem in 1953 by Taqī al-Dīn al-Nabhānī that seeks a global caliphate under Shari'a; it is proscribed in the UK (2024), Germany, Russia, Indonesia, and other countries.
Hjalmar Branting
Hjalmar Branting, also known as Karl Hjalmar Branting, was a Swedish Social Democratic politician who served three times as prime minister and won the 1921 Nobel Peace Prize.
Hlukhiv Articles
The Hlukhiv Articles (Hlukhivski Stati) were a 27-point accord signed at Hlukhiv on 16 March 1669 between Muscovy and Demian Mnohohrishny, hetman of Left-Bank Ukraine.
HM Revenue and Customs
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) is the UK's non-ministerial tax, payments and customs authority, created by the Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005 from the Inland Revenue and Customs and Excise, collecting hundreds of billions in tax and administering Child Benefit.