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Ancient Egyptian technology
Ancient Egyptian technology: Nile-valley tools and engineering from Predynastic times to 30 BCE, covering pyramid construction with ramps and lubricated blocks, irrigation, papyrus, glass, pottery, and medicine.
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece: several hundred independent city-states (poleis) including Athens and Sparta, home of demokratia from 508 to 322 BCE, the Persian and Peloponnesian wars, colonization and trade, and the Hellenistic koine world.
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek: the Greek language from Mycenaean Linear B records (c.1450 BCE) through the Archaic and Classical dialects to Hellenistic Koine (c. CE 300), with dialect diversity, epichoric alphabets, and the Attic-based koine as written standard.
Ancient Greek coinage
Ancient Greek coinage: minted currency of the Greek poleis and kingdoms from the late 7th century BCE, beginning with Lydian electrum, through Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods of silver-dominated, city-stamped coins until Roman absorption.
Ancient Greek dialects
Ancient Greek dialects: the regional varieties of Greek (Attic-Ionic, Arcado-Cypriot, Aeolic, West Greek, plus Pamphylian) attested from Mycenaean Linear B until they levelled into the Hellenistic koine.
Ancient Greek economic thought
Ancient Greek economic thought is the writing of Plato, Aristotle, and Xenophon on household management, wealth-getting, money, and price, treated as parts of ethics and politics.
Ancient Greek philosophy (Αρχαία ελληνική φιλοσοφία)
Ancient Greek philosophy (Αρχαία ελληνική φιλοσοφία) is the philosophical work written in Greek over a millennium, from Anaximander before 500 BCE to John Philoponus, who died in 570 CE.
Ancient Greek religion
Ancient Greek religion: the polytheistic cult system of the Greek world, also called Hellenic religion, centered on ritual sacrifice, civic festivals, household worship, and sanctuaries such as Delphi and Olympia, with no sacred text, church, creed, or professional priesthood.
Ancient Greek sculpture
Ancient Greek sculpture, c. 900–31 BCE: Geometric, Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic statuary in bronze and marble; lost-wax casting, kouroi, polychromy, Phidias, Polykleitos, Praxiteles, Roman copies.
Ancient Greek warfare
Ancient Greek warfare: military practice of the poleis and Hellenistic kingdoms, built on hoplite citizen-soldiers in the phalanx, plus naval war, sieges, mercenaries, and the hoplite debate.
Ancient Hawaii
Ancient Hawaii: pre-contact Hawaiian society founded by Marquesan Polynesian voyagers, organized under moku and ahupua'a land divisions, ali'i rule and kapu law, with taro agriculture and heiau temples, ending at contact in 1778 and the 1848 Great Mahele.
Ancient higher-learning institutions
Ancient higher-learning institutions: pre-university centers of advanced study such as Plato's Academy, Nalanda, Taxila, Gondishapur, the Han imperial academy, and madrasas, and the debate over whether they count as universities.
Ancient history
Ancient history is the study of the written past from recorded history to the start of the Middle Ages, covering civilizations like the Phoenicians, Greeks, and Romans.
Ancient history of Afghanistan
Ancient history of Afghanistan: the Oxus civilization, Achaemenid satrapies of Bactria and Arachosia, Greek Ai Khanum, the Kushan Empire, Sasanian evidence such as the Rag-e Bibi relief, and Hephthalite rule.
Ancient Israel and Judah
Ancient Israel and Judah: two Iron Age Levantine kingdoms, capitals Samaria and Jerusalem, attested from the Merneptah Stele (c. 1207 BCE) and Tel Dan Stele; Israel fell to Assyria in 722 BCE, Judah to Babylon in 586 BCE.
Ancient Macedonian army
Ancient Macedonian army: Philip II's 359 BC reform force built around the sarissa phalanx and heavy cavalry; defeated Greek hoplites, enabled Alexander's Persian conquest, and modeled Hellenistic armies.
Ancient Macedonians
Ancient Macedonians: people of the Macedonian kingdom (7th–2nd century BC, southern Balkans); their language is classed as a north-western Greek dialect; monarchy under Philip II and Alexander, ended by Roman conquest at Pydna, 168 BC.
Ancient Mesopotamian religion
Ancient Mesopotamian religion, also called Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian religion, is the polytheistic temple-centered faith of ancient Iraq's peoples from the fourth to first millennia BCE, worshipping humanlike gods such as Enlil, Inanna-Ishtar, Marduk, and Ashur through cult statues, offerings, and divination.
Ancient Mound (Bihar 35)
Ancient Mound (Bihar 35) is the ASI centrally protected ancient mound at Bargaon, Nalanda district, Bihar, part of the Nalanda Mahavihara landscape; thermoluminescence dating gives a 204 BC to 602 AD calendar range.
Ancient Mound in Part of S. No. 855 A
Ancient Mound in part of S. No. 855 A, Ramatirtham, SPSR Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh: a centrally protected ASI archaeological mound, Sl. No. 115 (N-AP-115), Amaravati Circle, distinct from the Vizianagaram and Prakasam Ramatirtham sites.
Ancient Near East
Ancient Near East: the historic region from Turkey and Egypt to Iran and the Indus Valley, home of Sumer, the first cities, cuneiform writing, and the Akkadian and Persian empires.
Ancient Near Eastern cosmology
Ancient Near Eastern cosmology is the set of ideas about the universe held by the peoples of Mesopotamia and ancient Israel, attested in cuneiform and biblical texts.
Ancient Order of Hibernians
The Ancient Order of Hibernians, also known as the Ancient Order of Hibernians in America, is a Catholic Irish-American fraternal organization founded in New York City in 1836.
Ancient philosophy
Ancient philosophy: Greek and Roman philosophical thought from the sixth-century BCE Presocratics through Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and the Hellenistic schools (Stoicism, Epicureanism, Skepticism) to the closing of the Athenian schools in 529 CE.
Ancient Roman architecture
Ancient Roman architecture, the building tradition of Rome and its empire (27 BC–AD 476), known for concrete, arches, vaults, domes, aqueducts, baths, amphitheaters, and self-healing lime–pozzolana mortar.
Ancient Roman philosophy
Ancient Roman philosophy is the reception and Latin adaptation of Greek philosophical schools by Roman writers, above all Cicero, whose vocabulary made Latin the leading philosophical language until the Renaissance.
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome, the Roman civilization from the legendary founding of 753 B.C.E. through the Republic and the Empire to the western fall in 476 C.E., defined by Senate rule under the Republic, the Augustan settlement, Caracalla's 212 A.D. citizenship grant, and survival of the eastern Byzantine half to 1453.
Ancient Semitic religion
Ancient Semitic religion covers the cults of Semitic-speaking peoples (Akkadians, Amorites, Arameans, Canaanites/Ugaritians), known chiefly from the Ugaritic archive of about 1,500 texts, with El, Baal, and Athirat heading a tiered pantheon.
Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples
Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples: speakers of Akkadian, Eblaite, Ugaritic, Phoenician, Hebrew, Aramaic, Sabaic, and Ge'ez across the ancient Near East. 'Semitic' (coined 1781, from Shem) is a linguistic, not ethnic, label; family origin estimated ~5,750 YBP in the Levant.
Ancient Site Called Garhwa Ka Kot Or Rajbhar Ka Lot
Garhwa-ka-kot or Rajbhar-ka-lot (गढ़वा कोट) is an ASI centrally protected ancient site at Garhwa village, Azamgarh district, Uttar Pradesh, Sarnath circle; copper coins and Buddha images were reported at a Garhwa Kot site nearby.