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Reconstruction attempts on language isolates

Reconstruction attempts on language isolates describe how linguists recover earlier stages of languages with no demonstrated relatives, using internal reconstruction, philology, loanwords, and cautious comparison with neighboring families.

Reconstruction era

Reconstruction era (1865-1877): the post-Civil War period of rebuilding the Union, the Reconstruction Amendments (13th, 14th, 15th), Black political participation, and its overthrow with the 1877 troop withdrawal.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was a US government corporation created in January 1932 under President Hoover to lend to banks and railroads during the Great Depression.

Reconstruction of Germany

Reconstruction of Germany: post-1945 rebuilding under four-power occupation, the Potsdam program, Marshall Plan aid, the 1949 founding of FRG and GDR, and reunification via the 1990 Two Plus Four Treaty.

Reconstructionist Judaism

Reconstructionist Judaism is a Jewish denomination founded in the United States by Rabbi Mordecai Kaplan, which defines Judaism as the evolving religious civilization of the Jewish people.

Reconstructionist Rabbinical College

The Reconstructionist Rabbinical College (RRC) is the seminary of the Reconstructionist movement in Judaism, dedicated in 1968 and located since 1982 in Wyncote, Pennsylvania. It was the first American Jewish seminary to admit openly gay students.

Reconstructions of Old Chinese

Reconstructions of Old Chinese (上古汉语): scholarly systems, notably Karlgren, Starostin (1989), Zhengzhang Shangfang (2003), and Baxter-Sagart (2014), derived from Shijing rhymes, xiesheng character series, Middle Chinese, and paleography.

Recopilación de Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias

The Recopilación de Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias, or Laws of the Indies, is the 1680 codification of Spanish legislation for its American territories.

Record Mirror

Record Mirror: British weekly pop music newspaper, 1954-1991, founded by Isidore Green; published the first UK album chart (1956) and the BBC-used official charts in the 1980s; later absorbed into Music Week.

Record of Buddhist Kingdoms (Foguo ji)

The Record of Buddhist Kingdoms (Foguo ji), also known as the Faxian zhuan, is a travel account by the Eastern Jin monk Faxian describing his journey to India and Sri Lanka beginning in 399.

Record of the Buddhist Monasteries of Luoyang

The Record of the Buddhist Monasteries of Luoyang (洛阳伽蓝记) is a five-juan work by Yang Xuanzhi describing the Buddhist monasteries of the Northern Wei capital Luoyang.

Record of the Peach Blossom Spring

Record of the Peach Blossom Spring (桃花源记) is a short prose narrative with companion poem by Eastern Jin poet Tao Yuanming, written at the Jin–Song transition.

Recorded history

Recorded history is the human past known through deliberate durable records, chiefly writing, beginning with the advent of writing; studied via source criticism, triangulation, and hermeneutics, and shaped by archival gaps and bias.

Recorder of London

Recorder of London: senior judge of the Central Criminal Court (Old Bailey) and ex-officio City of London alderman, distinct from ordinary part-time recorders; elected by the Court of Aldermen and appointed by the Sovereign.

Records management

Records management: the systematic control of the creation, maintenance, use, and disposition of records as evidence of business activity; structured around a three-stage lifecycle, file plans, records schedules, and ISO 15489.

Records of prime ministers of the United Kingdom

Records of UK prime ministers: the PREM series at The National Archives, Downing Street and Cabinet Office custody, 30- to 20-year release rules, and the succession record from Walpole (1721) to the 59th holder, Andy Burnham (2026).

Records of the Campaigns of the Great Jin

Records of the Campaigns of the Great Jin (大金吊伐录) is an anonymous compilation of archival documents from the early Jin dynasty, recording its wars against the Northern Song.

Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji)

The Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji, 史记) is a Chinese history completed by Sima Qian of the Western Han, whose five-part annals-biography format shaped later standard histories.

Records of the States South of Mount Hua (Huayang guo zhi)

The Records of the States South of Mount Hua (Huayang guo zhi, 华阳国志) is a twelve-juan history and gazetteer of southwestern China written by Chang Qu in the mid-fourth century.

Records of the Three Kingdoms

Sanguozhi (三國志), Records of the Three Kingdoms: official history of Wei, Shu, and Wu (220–280) by Chen Shou (233–297), 65 fascicles, completed after 280, annotated by Pei Songzhi in 429.

Records of the Three Kingdoms, 'Account of the Wa' (Gishi Wajinden)

The Gishi Wajinden (魏志倭人伝) is the account of the Wa people in the Chinese Records of the Three Kingdoms, compiled by Chen Shou in the late third century.

Recovery expedition of Sabni

The recovery expedition of Sabni was an Old Kingdom Egyptian venture into Nubia under Pepi II, recovering the body of Sabni's father Mekhu, governor of Aswan.

Recovery of Ssangseong

The recovery of Ssangseong was the 1356 campaign in which Goryeo, under King Gongmin, destroyed the Mongol Ssangseong Chonggwanbu and restored sovereignty over the northeastern peninsula.

Recovery rate

A recovery rate is the fraction of a debt's face value that creditors ultimately receive after a default, and it is the complement of loss given default.

Recovery Version

The Recovery Version of the Bible is an English translation published by Living Stream Ministry, complete between 1985 and 2003, with over 15,000 footnotes largely by Witness Lee.

Recruit (company)

Recruit Holdings, also known as Recruit Holdings Co., Ltd. (株式会社リクルートホールディングス), is a Japanese media and staffing group founded in 1960 that owns Indeed and Glassdoor and operates in more than 60 countries.

Recruitment

Recruitment, also called employee recruitment, is the process by which organizations attract, screen, assess, and hire people for jobs, running from sourcing and structured assessment through decision-making to onboarding.

Recruitment system

The Recruitment system (Рекрутская повинность) was the Russian Empire's system for manning its army, introduced by Peter I in 1705, requiring one recruit from every 20 households.

Rectification of names (正名)

Rectification of names (正名, zhengming) is a Confucian doctrine from Analects 13.3 holding that correct naming underpins speech, ritual, and government; systematized by Xunzi and reinterpreted by Hu Shi and modern scholars.

Rectification process

The Rectification process (Proceso de Rectificación) was a Cuban economic and political campaign launched by Fidel Castro in 1986 that reversed market mechanisms and recentralized the economy.