edgepedia

Society and history

127,669 articles

Anglosphere

The Anglosphere, also called the Anglo-Saxon world, is the group of English-speaking countries sharing British historical roots, usually the UK, the US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

Angoche Sultanate

The Angoche Sultanate was a Muslim sultanate on the northern Mozambique coast, founded by Kilwa refugees in the late fifteenth century and ended by Portugal in 1910.

Angola diamond trade and UNITA financing

UNITA, the Angolan rebel movement, sold rough diamonds mined in northeastern Angola to buy weapons, financing its war effort until the civil war ended in 2002.

Angola oil boom and Luanda reconstruction

The Angola oil boom and Luanda reconstruction was the period from the 2002 end of Angola's civil war to the 2014 oil price collapse, when oil revenue and Chinese loans financed a state-led rebuilding of Luanda.

Angola post-war reconstruction

Angola post-war reconstruction is the rebuilding program the Angolan government launched after the civil war ended in 2002, funded by oil revenues and Chinese credit.

Angola Stock Exchange and Derivatives (BODIVA)

BODIVA (Bolsa de Dívida e Valores de Angola) is Angola's state-owned stock exchange and market operator, created in 2014, which opened debt trading in 2014 and equities in 2022.

Angola Three

The Angola Three were Robert King, Herman Wallace, and Albert Woodfox, who spent decades in solitary confinement at Louisiana's Angola prison, becoming a landmark case against prolonged isolation.

Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo maritime boundary dispute

The Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo maritime boundary dispute is an unresolved disagreement over oil-rich Atlantic waters off the Congo River mouth, managed since 2023 by a shared Zone of Common Interest.

Angolan Civil War

Angolan Civil War (1975-2002), also called the Angolan conflict: MPLA government versus UNITA and FNLA after independence, a Cold War proxy war with Cuban, Soviet, South African, and U.S. intervention, ending with Savimbi's death and the 2002 Luena Memorandum.

Angolan independence

Angolan independence was the transfer of Angola from Portuguese rule, proclaimed on 11 November 1975 under the Alvor Agreement, and followed immediately by civil war.

Angolan inflation stabilization

Angolan inflation stabilization is the set of monetary and exchange rate policies that cut Angola's inflation from a peak of nearly 430 percent in 2000 to single digits by 2026.

Angolan kwanza

The Angolan kwanza (AOA) is the currency of Angola, issued by the Banco Nacional de Angola since 1977 and redenominated three times, most recently in December 1999.

Angolan oil-backed debt crisis

The Angolan oil-backed debt crisis is the prolonged strain on Angola's public finances caused by heavy borrowing secured against future crude oil deliveries, compounded since the mid-2010s by declining oil production.

Angolan Portuguese

Angolan Portuguese (português de Angola, angolês) is the Portuguese variety of Angola, shaped by contact with Bantu languages such as Kimbundu, official since 1975 independence, partially restructured and diverging from European Portuguese.

Angolan post-war urban migration

Angolan post-war urban migration is the continued movement of people from rural Angola into cities after the civil war ended in 2002, especially into the capital Luanda.

Angolan refugee repatriation

Angolan refugee repatriation was the UNHCR-led voluntary return of Angolan refugees after the 2002 civil war, bringing home roughly 410,000 people from 2003 to 2007.

Angolan War of Independence

Angolan War of Independence (1961–1974), also called the Armed Struggle for National Liberation: Portugal versus the MPLA, FNLA, and UNITA. Ended by the 1974 Carnation Revolution, the 1975 Alvor Agreement, and independence on 11 November 1975, followed by civil war.

Angrboða

Angrboða (Angrboda), Old Norse 'she who brings grief', is a jötunn giantess in Norse mythology, mother by Loki of Fenrir, Jörmungandr, and Hel; attested once in Hyndluljóð and in Gylfaginning, and identified with the Ironwood giantess of Völuspá.

Angry black woman

Angry black woman: an American racial stereotype, modern form of the Sapphire caricature from Amos 'n' Andy, portraying Black women as hostile and aggressive; a Collins controlling image with documented workplace, media, and mental health effects.

Angry Penguins

Angry Penguins was an Australian avant-garde literary and art journal founded in Adelaide in 1940 by the poet Max Harris, which promoted modernism and became famous through the 1944 Ern Malley hoax.

Angry white male

Angry white male: a stereotype of middle-aged white men resentful of social change, popularized by a 1994 USA Today headline after the GOP midterm win, analyzed academically via Michael Kimmel's aggrieved entitlement.

Angst

Angst: a German-derived word for dread, anxiety, or anguish; in existentialist philosophy (Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Sartre) the objectless dread arising from human freedom and responsibility, distinct from fear.

Anguillan Revolution

The Anguillan Revolution (1967–1969), led by James Ronald Webster, was a movement rejecting the Associated State of Saint Kitts and seeking a return to British rule.

Angulimala

Angulimala (अङ्गुलिमाल) was a bandit of the Kosala kingdom who killed travelers and wore a garland of their fingers until the Buddha converted and ordained him as a monk.

Angus & Robertson

Angus & Robertson is an Australian bookselling and publishing firm founded in Sydney in 1886, known for publishing Paterson and Lawson and for its national bookshop chain.

Angus Campbell (social psychologist)

Angus Campbell (Albert Angus Campbell, 1910–1980) was an American social psychologist who directed the University of Michigan's Survey Research Center and wrote The American Voter.

Angus Deaton

Angus Deaton, British-American economist at Princeton, 2015 Nobel laureate in economic sciences for analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare; author of the Almost Ideal Demand System, household-survey poverty measurement, and, with Anne Case, the deaths-of-despair research.

Angus King

Angus S. King Jr., Maine independent politician: two-term governor (1995-2003), then U.S. Senator since 2013, Maine's first independent senator, caucusing with Democrats.

Angus King III

Angus King III (born 1970), Maine clean energy executive, founder of Peaks Renewables, and son of Senator and former Governor Angus King, Jr.; Democratic candidate in the June 9, 2026 Maine gubernatorial primary.

Angus MacAskill

Angus MacAskill (1825–1863), the Cape Breton Giant or Gille Mòr, was a Scottish-born Canadian giant, Guinness's tallest recorded non-pathological giant at 7 ft 9 in, famed for strength feats, a Queen Victoria audience, and a 2,700-pound anchor lift.