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Society and history

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Archive

Archive: a collection of records of a person, family, or organization preserved for continuing value, and the institution holding them. Defined by provenance, original order, and respect des fonds; managed through appraisal, arrangement, description, and preservation.

Archive of Abu Salabikh

The Archive of Abu Salabikh, also called the Abu Salabikh tablets, is a group of over 400 cuneiform tablets of about 2600 BC found at Tell Abu Salabikh, Iraq.

Archive of Hor

The Archive of Hor is a private archive of the 2nd-century BC Egyptian priest Hor of Sebennytos, found at Memphis, holding 63 texts of dreams, oracles, petitions, and prayers.

Archive.today

Archive.today (archive.is, archive.ph): anonymous, on-demand web archiving service founded 2012 that stores browser-rendered static HTML and screenshots, ignores robots.txt, and was Wikipedia-blacklisted in 2026 after an alleged DDoS incident.

Archives of the Impossible

The Archives of the Impossible, also known as the Center for the Impossible, is a paranormal research archive at Rice University founded by Jeffrey Kripal in 2014.

Archon

Archon (ἄρχων, ruler): title of the highest magistrate in ancient Greek states, best known at Athens, where nine archons, eponymous, basileus, polemarch, and six thesmothetai, replaced the kings and dated the year from 683 BC.

Archon (Gnosticism)

In Gnosticism, archons (Greek for rulers) are lower cosmic powers, commonly seven planetary rulers under the Demiurge, who impede the soul's return to the highest God.

ArcLight Capital Partners

ArcLight Capital Partners is a Boston-based private equity firm focused on energy infrastructure investments, founded in 2001 by Daniel Revers, whose funds have controlled over 70 GW of assets.

Arclight Energy Partners

Arclight Energy Partners is a series of private equity funds raised by ArcLight Capital Partners, a Boston firm investing in power, renewables, and gas infrastructure.

Arcline Capital Partners

Arcline Capital Partners are the private equity fund vehicles of Arcline Investment Management, an industrial-focused buyout firm founded by Rajeev Amara in 2018 and headquartered in Nashville.

Arco Educação

Arco Educação, also known as Arco Platform, is a Brazilian education technology company founded in 2004, serving about 4 million students in 11,000 private schools.

Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar

Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar (ஆர்காட் ராமசாமி முதலியார்) was an Indian statesman who led India's delegation at the founding of the United Nations in 1945 and later served as Diwan of Mysore.

ARCS model

The ARCS model, created by John M. Keller in the early 1980s, is an instructional design framework organizing learner motivation into Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction.

Arctic Frost investigation

Arctic Frost investigation: FBI codename for the April 2022 probe into Trump's false electors effort to overturn the 2020 election, transferred to Special Counsel Jack Smith, later the focus of Grassley-led congressional oversight, hearings, and lawsuits.

Arctic Ocean Soda

Arctic Ocean Soda (北冰洋, Beibingyang) is a Beijing orange soda brand dating to 1951, shelved in 1994 and relaunched in 2011 in its original glass bottle.

Arctos Partners

Arctos Partners is a Dallas-based private equity firm founded in 2019 that buys passive minority stakes in professional sports teams; KKR acquired it in 2026 for $1.4 billion.

Arcus Biosciences

Arcus Biosciences is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company in Hayward, California, founded in 2015 by Terry Rosen and Juan Jaen, developing cancer drugs including casdatifan and quemliclustat.

ARD (broadcaster)

ARD, the Consortium of public-law broadcasting institutions of the Federal Republic of Germany, is a consortium of nine regional public broadcasters plus Deutsche Welle that jointly stage German television programs.

Arda-Mulissu

Arda-Mulissu, also written Arda-Muliššu and known biblically as Adrammelech, was an Assyrian prince disinherited by Sennacherib in favor of Esarhaddon, and named as his father's murderer in 681 BC.

Ardalan dynasty

The Ardalan dynasty (اردلان) was a Kurdish ruling family whose principality, centered on Sanandaj in western Iran, held semi-autonomous status under Safavid and Qajar rule until 1867–1868.

Ardashir I (اردشیر یکم)

Ardashir I (اردشیر یکم), founder of the Sasanian empire; Middle Persian ʾrthštr. Defeated Parthian king Artabanus IV at Hormozdgan in 224 CE, took the title Šāhānšāh, adopted Ērānšahr, and died early 242 CE.

Ardashir I's eastern campaigns

Ardashir I's eastern campaigns were the early-3rd-century wars by which Sasanian founder Ardashir I, after defeating Artabanus V in 224, extended his rule across eastern Iran.

Ardashir I's wars of unification

Ardashir I's wars of unification were the campaigns by which Ardashir I of Persis overthrew the Parthian king Artabanus, killed at the Battle of Hormozdgan in 224, ending Parthian rule and founding the Sasanian Empire.

Ardashir II

Ardashir II was Sasanian king of kings of Iran from 379 to 383, a half-brother of Shapur II, deposed by the nobles in favor of Shapur III.

Ardashir III

Ardashir III (621–629) was a boy king of the Sasanian Empire, son of Kavad II, proclaimed king at about seven in 628 and murdered in 629 when Shahrbaraz seized the throne.

Ardat-lilî

Ardat-lilî (wardat-lilîm; KI.SIKIL.LÍL.LÁ), Akkadian maiden-demon of the Mesopotamian lil-demon family, equated with Sumerian Kisikillila, preying on young men and linked to the later Jewish Lilith.

Ardeatine massacre

The Ardeatine massacre (Fosse Ardeatine): Nazi German forces shot 335 Italian prisoners in Rome's Ardeatine Caves on 24 March 1944, a 10-for-1 reprisal ordered after the GAP partisans' Via Rasella bombing.

Ardelyx, Inc.

Ardelyx, Inc. is a commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company based in Waltham, Massachusetts, founded in 2007, that markets tenapanor as IBSRELA for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and XPHOZAH for hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients.

Ardent Miller Basaiawmoit

Ardent Miller Basaiawmoit is an Indian politician from Meghalaya who founded the Voice of the People Party in 2021, serves as its president, and represents Nongkrem in the state assembly.

Ardhamagadhi

Ardhamagadhi (अर्धमागधी), also called Arsa, is a Middle Indo-Aryan Prakrit language meaning "half-Māgadhī" that serves as the scriptural language of the Śvetāmbara Jain canon, traditionally recording the teachings of Mahāvīra.