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Bachelor
Bachelor: a never-married man; also a holder of a first university degree (BA, BSc) and a small one-person apartment. From Old French bacheler, originally a young knight; primary sense shifted to unmarried status in the eighteenth century.
Bachelor of Arts
Bachelor of Arts (BA): an undergraduate degree combining a major with humanities, social science, and language coursework; counterpart to the Bachelor of Science, with no standardized BA/BS difference across institutions.
Bachelor of Business Administration
The Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) is a four-year undergraduate degree of about 120 credit hours covering accounting, finance, marketing, operations, and management; business is the largest bachelor's degree field in the United States.
Bachelor of Commerce
The Bachelor of Commerce (BCom) is an undergraduate business degree covering accounting, finance, economics, and marketing, running three years in most Commonwealth countries and four in Canada and the United States.
Bachelor of Economics
The Bachelor of Economics (BEcon, BEc) is an undergraduate degree covering economic theory, econometrics, and quantitative methods, awarded by universities in Australia, Hong Kong, Portugal, Singapore, and the United States.
Bachelor of Education
Bachelor of Education (B.Ed., BEd): undergraduate teacher-preparation degree combining subject study, education sciences, pedagogy, and school practice; lengths range from 3 years (Germany) to 5 (Hong Kong), with honours and alternative-certification variants worldwide.
Bachelor of Engineering
Bachelor of Engineering (BEng, B.E.) is an undergraduate professional engineering degree, typically three to four years, defined by accreditation criteria such as ABET's 30 math/science and 45 engineering credit hours and recognized internationally through the 25-signatory Washington Accord.
Bachelor of Laws
Bachelor of Laws (LLB, Legum Baccalaureus) is the undergraduate law degree of most common law countries, entered after secondary school; first awarded in English law in 1839, replaced by the JD in the US in the 1960s.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm, BS in Pharmacy): undergraduate degree qualifying pharmacists. Entry-level credential in India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore; replaced by the six-year PharmD in the US beginning in 2000.
Bachelor of Science
Bachelor of Science (BS, BSc): an undergraduate degree distinguished from the BA by more math, lab science and technical coursework; typically 120 US credits or 180-240 ECTS, first awarded at Harvard in 1851.
Bachelor pad
Bachelor pad: a mid-1950s American housing type for the single professional man, defined by Playboy and films; apartment for entertaining, pleasure, and stylish consumption, coined in print by the Chicago Tribune.
Bachelor party
Bachelor party (stag do, buck's night, enterrement de vie de garçon): pre-wedding celebration for a groom, traced to fifth-century B.C. Sparta; modern stag/hen form from the mid-19th century, with coed parties now rising.
Bachelor's degree
A bachelor's degree, also known as a baccalaureate degree or baccalaureus, is the usual undergraduate qualification awarded by universities after completing a required program of study and its examinations.
Bachelorette party
Bachelorette party (hen party, hen do): a pre-wedding celebration for a bride-to-be, traditionally female-only. Emerged in the 1960s-1980s from bridal showers and stag/hen parties; now averages $1,300 per attendee.
Bachem
Bachem is a Swiss manufacturer of peptide and oligonucleotide active pharmaceutical ingredients and a CDMO, founded by Peter Grogg in 1971 and headquartered in Bubendorf, Switzerland.
Bachhav Shobha Dinesh
Bachhav Shobha Dinesh, born 1959, is an Indian National Congress politician and physician who has represented Dhule, Maharashtra, in the Lok Sabha since 2024, after serving as mayor of Nashik and in the Maharashtra assembly.
Bachir Gemayel
Bashir Gemayel (بشير الجميّل, 1947-1982), Lebanese Forces militia founder and Kataeb leader, son of Pierre Gemayel; elected Lebanese president 23 August 1982 with Israeli backing, assassinated 14 September 1982 before taking office.
Bachtiar Karim
Bachtiar Karim, born Lim Ek Tjioe, is an Indonesian businessman who chairs Musim Mas, a Singapore-headquartered palm oil group, and is worth an estimated US$4.2 billion.
Back Market
Back Market is a Paris-based online marketplace for refurbished consumer electronics, founded in 2014, which grades third-party refurbishers' devices and reached a $5.7 billion valuation in 2022.
Back-to-Africa movement
Back-to-Africa movement: emigrationist projects urging people of African descent in the Americas to settle in Africa, from Sierra Leone (1787) and Liberia (1819) through the ACS and Marcus Garvey's UNIA.
Back-to-back life sentences
Back-to-back life sentences are consecutive life terms for multiple crimes, served one after another to delay or defeat parole, governed in the US by 18 U.S.C. § 3584 and varying state discretion rules.
Backbencher
Backbencher: a Westminster-system MP or peer holding no ministerial or shadow-spokesperson office, sitting behind the frontbench. Defined by UK Parliament glossary; performs partisan, constituency, and scrutiny roles.
Backcasting
Backcasting is a planning method that works backward from a desired future outcome to the present, testing feasibility and identifying the policies needed to reach it.
Backdoor Surf Shop
Backdoor Surf Shop is the name of several unrelated surf retail businesses, the largest being a New Zealand chain of surf, skate, and streetwear stores founded in Hamilton in 1988.
Backed VC
Backed VC is a London venture capital firm founded in 2016 by Andre de Haes and Alex Brunicki, leading pre-seed and seed rounds in European frontier technology.
Backflush accounting
Backflush accounting is a costing method that delays recording production costs until trigger points such as purchase, completion, or sale, developed for just-in-time manufacturing with minimal inventory.
Background and causes of the Iranian Revolution
Background and causes of the 1979 Iranian Revolution: oil-boom rentier state, 1953 coup legacy, White Revolution, SAVAK repression, Shia clerical networks, Khomeini's velayat-e faqih, and the 1977–79 protest cycle that overthrew the Pahlavi monarchy.
Background check
Background check: review of a person's criminal, employment, credit, or other records for hiring, housing, licensing, or firearms decisions. Also called tenant screening or pre-employment screening; in the US governed by the FCRA and EEOC antidiscrimination rules, with documented accuracy problems in commercial reports.
Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women
Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women is Susan Faludi's 1991 Crown bestseller arguing the 1980s saw a conservative media and political reaction against feminism, sparked by her debunking of the Harvard-Yale marriage study.
Backpacker murders
The backpacker murders: seven young travellers (three German, two British, two Australian) killed 1989–1992 in Belanglo State Forest, NSW; Ivan Milat convicted 1996, seven life sentences, died 2019.