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Berlin Conference
Berlin Conference (Berliner Kongo-Konferenz), 15 Nov 1884–26 Feb 1885: 14 states under Bismarck signed the General Act of Berlin, setting Congo basin free trade, navigation, and effective occupation rules; it drew no African borders and excluded African representation.
Berlin Crisis of 1961
Berlin Crisis of 1961: Cold War confrontation over West Berlin's status, from the failed June 1961 Vienna summit to the Berlin Wall's construction on August 13, 1961, and the October 27–28 U.S.–Soviet tank standoff at Checkpoint Charlie, resolved by back-channel withdrawal.
Berlin Execration Texts
The Berlin Execration Texts are Middle Kingdom execration texts written in hieratic on fired clay bowls, held in Berlin, listing foreign rulers and peoples known to Egypt.
Berlin German
Berlin German (Berlinisch, Berlinerisch) is the metrolekt of Berlin and Brandenburg, mixing High German grammar with Low German phonology (ick, wat, dit) and Berliner Schnauze; now declining, with Kiezdeutsch emerging and East Berlin retaining more dialect.
Berlin Green Head
The Berlin Green Head (German: Grüner Kopf) is a greywacke sculpture of a bald man's head, probably late Ptolemaic Egyptian, kept in Berlin's Egyptian Museum.
Berlin Papyrus 6619
Berlin Papyrus 6619 is a fragmentary Middle Kingdom Egyptian mathematical papyrus held in Berlin, carrying four problems, including second-degree equations solved by false position, and a pregnancy test.
Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer), built by East Germany on 13 August 1961 and opened on 9 November 1989, sealed off West Berlin for 28 years; a 155 km fortified barrier whose fall ended the GDR and Cold War division of Germany.
Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
The Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften), successor to the Prussian Academy of Sciences, is a learned society founded 1700 by Leibniz and reconstituted 1992 by a Berlin-Brandenburg state treaty.
Berliner (format)
Berliner (format): a newspaper page size of about 315 x 470 mm, between tabloid and broadsheet, also called the midi format; used by Le Monde, La Stampa, La Vanguardia, and formerly the Guardian.
Bermuda Agreement
The Bermuda Agreement (Bermuda I), signed by the UK and US at Bermuda on 11 February 1946, was the bilateral air services agreement establishing the Bermuda Principles: capacity by ex post facto review and IATA-administered, doubly approved tariffs. It became the model for most later bilateral air transport agreements and was replaced by Bermuda II in 1977.
Bermuda II Agreement
Bermuda II Agreement: 1977 US-UK bilateral air transport agreement, also called the 1977 Air Services Agreement, replacing Bermuda I; restricted Heathrow access to four designated carriers and fares, until superseded by the 2007 EU-US Open Skies agreement.
Bermuda Monetary Authority
The Bermuda Monetary Authority is the sole regulator of Bermuda's financial services sector, established in 1969, which supervises insurers and banks and issues the national currency.
Bermuda Stock Exchange
The Bermuda Stock Exchange (BSX) is a fully electronic offshore securities exchange in Bermuda, established in 1971 and home to over 90% of the world's insurance-linked securities.
Bermuda Triangle
Bermuda Triangle, or Devil's Triangle: loosely defined western North Atlantic region between Miami, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico, named by Vincent Gaddis in 1964; famous for alleged vanishings like Flight 19 and USS Cyclops, but NOAA finds no elevated disappearance rate.
Bermudian dollar
The Bermudian dollar (BMD) is the currency of Bermuda, divided into 100 cents, pegged at par to the US dollar, and issued by the Bermuda Monetary Authority since 1970.
Bernabé Cobo
Bernabé Cobo (1580–1657) was a Spanish Jesuit, naturalist, and chronicler of the Viceroyalty of Peru, best known for his Historia del Nuevo Mundo, completed in 1653.
Bernadette Devlin McAliskey
Bernadette Devlin McAliskey, born Bernadette Devlin in 1947, is a Northern Irish civil rights activist who was the youngest woman elected to the House of Commons in 1969.
Bernadette Greene-Placentia
Bernadette Greene-Placentia is an American politician and retired small-fleet trucking company owner who won the Democratic primary in July 2026 for Arizona's 8th Congressional District, facing Republican Rep. Abraham Hamadeh.
Bernadette Soubirous
Bernadette Soubirous, also known as Saint Bernadette of Lourdes, was a poor French girl who reported eighteen apparitions of the Virgin Mary at Lourdes in 1858 and was canonized in 1933.
Bernadette Wilson
Bernadette Wilson is an American politician and Republican candidate for Governor of Alaska in 2026, a business owner and former Alaska director of Americans for Prosperity.
Bernal Díaz del Castillo
Bernal Díaz del Castillo (c. 1495–1584) was a Spanish conquistador who fought under Hernán Cortés and wrote an eyewitness history of the conquest of Mexico.
Bernard A. Friedman
Bernard A. Friedman (born 1943) is an American jurist, a senior United States district judge for the Eastern District of Michigan appointed by Ronald Reagan in 1988.
Bernard Arnault
Bernard Arnault, born in 1949 in Roubaix, France, is a French businessman who took control of LVMH in 1989 and built it into the world's largest luxury group.
Bernard Barker
Bernard Leon Barker (1917-2009), Cuban-born CIA contract agent and Bay of Pigs organizer, led the five Watergate burglars arrested June 17, 1972; his Miami bank deposits and address book tied the break-in to Nixon's re-election campaign.
Bernard Baruch
Bernard Baruch, also known as Bernard Mannes Baruch, was an American stock-market speculator who built a fortune before World War I and advised presidents for four decades.
Bernard Bosanquet (philosopher)
Bernard Bosanquet (1848–1923) was an English philosopher of the British idealist school, known for The Philosophical Theory of the State (1899), his defense of traditional logic, and his social work in London.
Bernard Boursicot
Bernard Boursicot, French diplomat and Beijing embassy accountant, had a decades-long affair with opera singer Shi Pei Pu, passed secrets to China, and was convicted of espionage in 1986.
Bernard Coard
Bernard Coard (Winston Bernard Coard, born 1944), Grenadian educator and politician, Deputy Prime Minister under Maurice Bishop 1979-1983, author of the 1971 ESN schools pamphlet, deposed Bishop in October 1983, imprisoned 26 years as one of the Grenada 17, released 2009.
Bernard de la Tour
Bernard de la Tour, also Bernard de la Tour d'Auvergne, was a French cardinal of the Avignon papacy, created cardinal deacon of Sant'Eustachio by Pope Clement VI in 1342.
Bernard de Montfaucon
Bernard de Montfaucon, also known as Dom Bernard de Montfaucon, was a French Benedictine monk and antiquarian who founded Greek palaeography with Palaeographia graeca (1708) and wrote L'Antiquité expliquée (1719).