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Bolesław I the Brave
Bolesław I the Brave (Bolesław I Chrobry, 967–1025), Piast duke of Poland 992–1025 and its first crowned king (1025, Gniezno). Son of Mieszko I; founded the Gniezno archbishopric (1000), won the Peace of Bautzen (1018), took Kiev, and died soon after coronation.
Bolesław II of Masovia
Bolesław II of Masovia (Bolesław II mazowiecki), born after 1251, was a Piast duke who ruled Płock and later all of Masovia, and is linked to early Warsaw.
Bolesław II the Bold
Bolesław II the Bold (Polish Bolesław II Śmiały) was duke of Poland from 1058 and king from 1076 until his deposition and exile in 1079.
Bolesław III Wrymouth
Bolesław III Wrymouth (Bolesław III Krzywousty) was a Piast duke of Poland who repelled Emperor Henry V in 1109, conquered Pomerania, and in 1138 divided Poland among his sons.
Bolesław IV the Curly
Bolesław IV the Curly (Polish: Bolesław IV Kędzierzawy) was a Piast duke who ruled Mazovia and Kuyavia, and served as senior duke of Poland from 1146 until 1173.
Bolesław V the Chaste
Bolesław V the Chaste (Polish: Bolesław Wstydliwy) was a Piast duke who ruled Kraków from 1243 until his death in 1279 and issued Kraków's 1257 location charter under Magdeburg law.
Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski
Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski (1881–1942) was a Polish general, diplomat, physician, and writer known as the "First Lancer of the Second Polish Republic," who served as ambassador to Italy and was designated presidential successor in 1939.
Bolevî Mustafa Efendi
Bolevî Mustafa Efendi (died 1675) was an Ottoman Hanefî scholar who served as şeyhülislâm from 1657 to 1659 under Mehmed IV, appointed by Grand Vizier Köprülü Mehmed Paşa.
Boleyn family
The Boleyn family (also Bullen) was a Norfolk-origin English gentry family that rose through Geoffrey Boleyn and Thomas Boleyn to royal rank when Anne Boleyn married Henry VIII in 1533; her 1536 execution ended its prominence.
Boliden
Boliden is a Swedish metals company mining and smelting zinc, copper, and precious metals, operating seven mines and five smelters across Sweden, Finland, Norway, Ireland, and Portugal.
Bolivarian National Armed Forces of Venezuela
The Bolivarian National Armed Forces (Fuerza Armada Nacional Bolivariana, FANB) are Venezuela's unified military, five components under the President as commander-in-chief, with substantial equipment but critically low readiness.
Bolivarian Revolution
Bolivarian Revolution: socialist-inspired Venezuelan governing project launched by Hugo Chávez after his 1998 election and continued by Nicolás Maduro, built on the 1999 Constitution, social programs, participatory democracy, and PDVSA oil control; declared at an end after Maduro's 2026 capture.
Bolivarianism
Bolivarianism is a Latin American political ideology invoking Simón Bolívar as its source of legitimacy, emerging in the twentieth century and governing Venezuela under Hugo Chávez's Bolivarian Revolution.
Bolivia during the Chaco War
Bolivia during the Chaco War (1932–1935) fought Paraguay over the disputed Chaco Boreal, lost about 115,000 square miles, and suffered a crisis that reshaped the country.
Bolivian Agrarian Reform of 1953
The Bolivian Agrarian Reform of 1953 (Reforma Agraria de 1953) was a decree by which President Víctor Paz Estenssoro's government abolished the latifundium and unpaid peasant labor.
Bolivian boliviano
The boliviano (ISO code BOB) is Bolivia's national currency, issued by the Banco Central de Bolivia, replacing the Bolivian peso in 1987 and floated in June 2026.
Bolivian Civil War of 1898–1899
The Bolivian Civil War of 1898–1899, known in Bolivia as the Federal War (Guerra Federal), pitted La Paz Liberals led by José Manuel Pando against the Conservative government at Sucre, ending Conservative rule.
Bolivian Civil War of 1949
The Bolivian Civil War of 1949 (guerra civil de 1949) was an armed MNR insurrection against Bolivia's conservative government, suppressed by the army in September 1949.
Bolivian Constituent Assembly of 2006–2007
The Bolivian Constituent Assembly of 2006–2007 (Asamblea Constituyente) was a 255-member elected body convened under Evo Morales that wrote Bolivia's new constitution, delivered to Congress in December 2007.
Bolivian Constitution of 1826
The Bolivian Constitution of 1826 was Bolivia's first constitution, drafted by Simón Bolívar and promulgated by Marshal Sucre, establishing a lifetime presidency and a tricameral legislature.
Bolivian Constitution of 1938
The Bolivian Constitution of 1938 (Constitución Política del Estado de 1938) was Bolivia's twelfth constitution and the first to recognize social rights, promulgated by President Germán Busch.
Bolivian Constitution of 1967
The Bolivian Constitution of 1967 (Constitución Política del Estado de 1967) was Bolivia's fundamental law, promulgated under General René Barrientos and in force until the 2009 Constitution replaced it.
Bolivian Constitution of 2009
The Bolivian Constitution of 2009 is Bolivia's fundamental law, approved by referendum and promulgated by Evo Morales, renaming the country the Plurinational State of Bolivia.
Bolivian constitutional reform of 1994
The Bolivian constitutional reform of 1994, enacted as Law 1585 under President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, redefined Bolivia as a multiethnic, pluricultural republic and recognized indigenous rights.
Bolivian Declaration of Independence
The Bolivian Declaration of Independence (Acta de Independencia de Bolivia) is the act by which Upper Peru proclaimed independence from Spain on 6 August 1825, creating Bolivia.
Bolivian democratic transition
The Bolivian democratic transition was Bolivia's return to elected civilian rule on October 10, 1982, ending military rule that had resisted elections in 1978, 1979, and 1980.
Bolivian education reform of 1955
The Bolivian education reform of 1955 established a single national school system through the Bolivian Education Code, opening schooling to the rural, indigenous majority for the first time.
Bolivian gas nationalization of 2006
The Bolivian gas nationalization of 2006 was a May 1 decree by President Evo Morales requiring all gas and oil production to be delivered to the state company YPFB.
Bolivian Gas War
The Bolivian Gas War (Guerra del Gas) was a wave of protest over gas exports through Chile that forced President Sánchez de Lozada's resignation in October 2003.
Bolivian hunger strikes of 1977–1978
The Bolivian hunger strikes of 1977–1978 began with four miners' wives in La Paz and grew to about 1,200 strikers, forcing dictator Hugo Banzer to grant amnesty.