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Brahmayu
Brahmayu (ब्रह्मायु) is the aged brahmin teacher of Mithilā in the Pali Canon who, at 120, verified the Buddha's marks and became his lay disciple.
Brahmi script
Brahmi (Brāhmī) is the ancient left-to-right abugida of the Indian subcontinent, first attested fully developed in Ashoka's 3rd-century BCE edicts, deciphered by James Prinsep in 1837, and the parent of nearly all modern Indic scripts; its origin (Aramaic vs indigenous) remains debated.
Brahmic scripts
Brahmic scripts, also called Indic scripts, are the abugida family descended from Brahmi, first attested in 3rd century BCE Ashokan inscriptions, defined by consonants carrying an inherent vowel plus dependent vowel signs, spanning Devanagari, Tamil, Thai, Khmer, and Tibetan.
Brahmin (ब्राह्मण)
Brahmin (ब्राह्मण, Brahman): highest of the four Hindu varnas, historically priests, teachers, and scholars. About 65–70 million people in India and Nepal, over 1,800 endogamous subgroups divided into Pancha Gauda and Pancha Dravida.
Brahmo Samaj (ব্রাহ্মসমাজ)
Brahmo Samaj (ব্রাহ্মসমাজ), begun as the Brahmo Sabha, is a monotheistic Indian religious movement founded by Rammohun Roy in Calcutta in 1828 and re-founded by Debendranath Tagore in 1843.
Brahui language
Brahui (Brāhūī) is a North Dravidian language of Baluchistan, Pakistan, with related communities in Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkmenistan, related to Kurukh and Malto; only about 15 percent of its vocabulary is Dravidian.
Braille
Braille is a six-dot tactile writing system invented by Louis Braille in 1820s France from Barbier's night writing, published 1829, adopted in France 1854, standardized as Unified English Braille by 2016, and read at about 125 words per minute.
Brain in a vat
Brain in a vat: philosophical thought experiment of a computer-fed disembodied brain, modern form of Descartes' evil demon skepticism; target of Putnam's 1981 self-refutation argument.
Brain matures at 25 myth
Brain matures at 25 myth: the popular claim that the brain fully develops at exactly age 25. No study supports the endpoint; the figure traces to a researcher's interview answer, while development continues into the 30s and across adulthood.
Brainstorm Research Foundation
Brainstorm Research Foundation is an Alzheimer's disease research nonprofit registered in Portola Valley, California, founded by 23andMe co-founder Linda Avey in 2009 to build a community of people with family history of the disease.
Brainstorming
Brainstorming, coined by Alex Osborn at BBDO and set out in Applied Imagination (1953), is a group idea-generation method with rules deferring evaluation; research shows nominal groups outperform interactive ones, with production blocking the main cause.
Braintree (company)
Braintree, also known as Braintree Payments, is a full-stack payment platform founded in Chicago in 2007 by Bryan Johnson and acquired by PayPal for about $800 million in 2013.
Brainwashing
Brainwashing: popular term for coerced radical belief change, from Edward Hunter's 1950 translation of Chinese hsi nao during the Korean War; scholarly successors are Lifton's thought reform and Schein's coercive persuasion, both lacking a settled scientific definition.
Brajesh Pathak
Brajesh Pathak, born 1964, is an Indian BJP politician serving as Deputy Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh since 2022, after earlier serving as a BSP member of the Lok Sabha from Unnao.
Bralessness
Bralessness is the practice of not wearing a brassiere, tied to 1960s feminist protest (the 1968 Miss America "Freedom Trash Can" and the bra-burning myth), Rudi Gernreich's transparent "no bra," workplace dress-code law, and recent survey and perception research.
Bram Fischer
Bram Fischer (Abram Fischer, 1908–1975), Afrikaner advocate, SACP chairman, and lead defence counsel at the Rivonia Trial; went underground in 1965 and died serving a life sentence.
Brambles (Australian logistics company)
Brambles Limited is an Australian supply-chain logistics company that owns and rents reusable pallets, crates, and containers through its CHEP brand, operating some 352 million units across about 60 countries.
Branch Davidians
The Branch Davidians are an apocalyptic Adventist sect near Waco, Texas, founded by Benjamin Roden in 1955 and led by David Koresh during the 1993 siege.
Branch Secretariats
The Branch Secretariats (行中书省) were the provincial governments of China's Yuan dynasty, first established in the 1260s, managing taxes, troops, and borderlands under the Capital Secretariat.
Branches of the Polish Academy of Sciences
The branches of the Polish Academy of Sciences are eight territorial organs seated in major Polish cities, integrating regional scientific communities since the first branch opened in Kraków in 1957.
Brand
A brand, in marketing, is a set of associations and expectations linked to a name, mark, or symbol, existing as an intangible asset in customers' minds.
Brand ambassador
Brand ambassador: a person formally engaged to represent and promote a brand long term, distinct from short-term influencers and endorsers; covers event staff to celebrity deals, FTC disclosure duties, and contract exclusivity.
Brand awareness
Brand awareness is a marketing measure of how readily consumers recognize or recall a brand, tracked in surveys as top-of-mind, unaided, and aided layers, and linked to higher conversion rates.
Brand equity
Brand equity is the added value a brand name gives a product in customers' minds, and can be measured as a monetary value by valuers like Interbrand.
Brand management
Brand management is the discipline of planning, building, governing, and protecting a brand's equity over a five-to-ten-year arc, with outputs of equity growth, governance, and consistency measured by brand value, pricing power, and customer preference.
Branded Group
Branded Group, known as Branded, is a Paris-based e-commerce company founded in 2020 that acquires and operates successful Amazon marketplace brands, emerging from stealth in 2021 with $150 million.
Brandeis University
Brandeis University, private research university in Waltham, Massachusetts; founded 1948 by the American Jewish community as the first Jewish-sponsored nonsectarian US university; R1, AAU member, named for Justice Louis Brandeis.
Brandenburg St. Thomas
Brandenburg St. Thomas was the part of the Caribbean island of St. Thomas that the Brandenburg African Company occupied under a 1685 treaty with Denmark.
Brandenburg v. Ohio
Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969), a per curiam Supreme Court decision reversing a KKK leader's conviction under Ohio's Criminal Syndicalism Act and establishing the two-part imminent lawless action test for incitement.
Brandenburg-Prussia
Brandenburg-Prussia (German: Brandenburg-Preußen) is the historiographic name for the early modern composite state of the Hohenzollern electors of Brandenburg, formed in 1618 and used until 1701, when its ruler became "King in Prussia".