edgepedia

Society and history

127,669 articles

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), also called BATF, is a U.S. Department of Justice law enforcement agency regulating firearms and explosives and investigating arson and alcohol/tobacco trafficking; created July 1, 1972 under Treasury, transferred to DOJ January 24, 2003.

Bureau of Corrections (Philippines)

Bureau of Corrections (BuCor), formerly the Bureau of Prisons, is the Philippine Department of Justice agency holding PDLs sentenced to over three years in seven prisons and penal farms, including New Bilibid Prison, planned for closure by 2028.

Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh

The Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh was the royal archive and scriptorium at Akhetaten, Egypt's short-lived capital, where the Amarna letters, some 382 Akkadian cuneiform tablets, were found.

Bureau of Economic Analysis

The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) is a U.S. federal statistical agency within the Department of Commerce that produces the national, industry, regional, and international economic accounts, including GDP.

Bureau of Engraving and Printing

The Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) is the U.S. Treasury bureau that engraves and prints all Federal Reserve notes at facilities in Washington, D.C. and Fort Worth, Texas.

Bureau of Fire Protection

The Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) is the Philippines' national fire service under the DILG, created by RA 6975 (1990), enforcing the Fire Code (RA 9514) and modernized by RA 11589 (2021); amid 2026 corruption probes it replaced Metro Manila fire safety inspectors.

Bureau of Indian Affairs

The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), established 1824, is the Interior Department's oldest bureau, administering federal trust responsibilities and services for 575 federally recognized tribes and about 1.9 million American Indians and Alaska Natives.

Bureau of Industry and Security

The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) is a US Commerce Department agency that administers export controls, including the Entity List and China chip rules.

Bureau of Intelligence and Research

The Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) is the State Department's intelligence bureau, successor to the OSS Research and Analysis Branch and the oldest U.S. civilian intelligence element, providing all-source analysis for diplomacy.

Bureau of Labor Funds (BLF)

The Bureau of Labor Funds (劳动部劳动基金运用局, BLF) is the agency of Taiwan's Ministry of Labor that invests the labor pension and insurance funds, managing NT$8.53 trillion at end-2025.

Bureau of Land Management

Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Interior Department agency created in 1946 from the General Land Office and Grazing Service; manages 245 million surface acres and 700 million mineral acres, mainly in 12 western states, under FLPMA's multiple-use mandate.

Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED), U.S. Navy medical headquarters established August 31, 1842 as one of five original bureaus; its chief holds the title Navy Surgeon General since 1871.

Bureau of Military Affairs

The Bureau of Military Affairs (枢密院) was the central military-affairs organ of China's Song dynasty, standing beside the Chancellery as one of the "two bureaus" to divide the chancellor's control of the armed forces.

Bureau of State Affairs (Tongzheng Yuan)

The Bureau of State Affairs (通政院, Tongzheng yuan) was the Yuan dynasty's central office for the courier and relay system, created in 1276 outside the military system.

Bureau of Warehouses (Silla)

The Bureau of Warehouses (창부, Changbu) was a central government office of Silla in charge of state finance, created in 651 under Queen Jindeok to collect, store, and disburse grain.

Bureau Veritas

Bureau Veritas is a French testing, inspection, and certification company headquartered in Paris. Founded in Antwerp in 1828, it is one of the world's largest conformity-assessment firms.

Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy is an administrative system of nonelected officials, or civil servants, who implement the policies and programs of governments, corporations, and institutions, often criticized for red tape.

Bureaucrat

Bureaucrat: an unelected member of a bureaucracy (French bureaucrate, first English use 1832), administering rules in a hierarchy. Distinguished by Weberian ideal-type structure, street-level discretion, and comparative types from legalistic to liberal.

Burebasaga

The Confederation of Rewa, known in Fijian as the matanitū of Rewa, was a large pre-colonial Fijian confederacy based on the Rewa Delta, headed by the Roko Tui Dreketi.

Bürgel Kornelius

Bürgel Kornelius is a German journalist and government official serving as State Secretary and Government Spokesperson in the Federal Chancellery, after leading the Süddeutsche Zeitung's politics department.

Burgenland

Burgenland (Hungarian Őrvidék) is Austria's easternmost and youngest state, created in 1921-22 from western Hungary, with capital Eisenstadt, Lake Neusiedl's steppe-lake and UNESCO landscape, Croatian and Hungarian minorities, and a service- and tourism-based economy.

Burger Chef murders

The Burger Chef murders: the unsolved November 17, 1978 robbery-abduction and murder of four young employees, Friedt, Shelton, Flemmonds, and Davis, at a Speedway, Indiana Burger Chef; bodies found November 19 in Johnson County.

Burger Court

Burger Court, the U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, 1969–1986; decided Roe v. Wade, United States v. Nixon, and Lemon v. Kurtzman; transitional era between Warren and Rehnquist Courts.

Burger King (Mattoon, Illinois)

Burger King (Mattoon, Illinois) is an independent hamburger restaurant founded by Gene and Betty Hoots, unrelated to the Burger King chain; a 1968 Seventh Circuit ruling lets it use the name only within 20 miles of Mattoon.

Burger King foot lettuce

Burger King foot lettuce, also known as Number 15 Burger King foot lettuce, is an internet meme based on a 2012 photo of an employee standing in lettuce bins.

Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch

The Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, known as the BGB or German Civil Code, is Germany's civil code, enacted in 1896 and in force since 1900, regulating contracts, property, family, and inheritance.

Burgess (title)

Burgess (title): a freeman of a medieval or early modern borough, also a borough magistrate, voter, or Member of Parliament; from Old French burgeis, with rights gained by birth, apprenticeship, marriage, or purchase.

Burgess Owens

Burgess Owens (born 1951, Columbus, Ohio) is a Republican U.S. representative for Utah's 4th District since 2021 and former NFL safety for the Jets and Raiders, winning Super Bowl XV; retiring from Congress in 2026 after redistricting.

Burgher people

Burghers (Sinhala Lansi) are a Sri Lankan Eurasian community descended from VOC settlers and Portuguese-era unions; tiny census minority (0.18% in 2012), English-speaking, largely emigrated to Australia after 1956.

Burglary

Burglary: the crime of unlawfully entering or remaining in a building with intent to commit a crime inside; also called breaking and entering or housebreaking. Covers common law elements, modern statutes, sentencing, prevalence, and prevention.