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Castilian War
The Castilian War, known in Malay as Perang Kastila, was a 1578 conflict in which Spanish forces attacked Brunei's capital on Borneo and occupied it for just over two months.
Casting couch
Casting couch: the practice of demanding sexual favors in exchange for entertainment roles, a Hollywood-era term (printed by Variety by 1937) now applied worldwide, central to #MeToo and casting reforms.
Casting of the penal tripod in Jin
The casting of the penal tripod in Jin (晋铸刑鼎) was the 513 BC inscription of a penal code on an iron tripod by the state of Jin.
Castle Creek Biosciences
Castle Creek Biosciences is a private cell and gene therapy company in Exton, Pennsylvania, developing D-Fi, a Phase 3 gene therapy for dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.
Castle Creek Capital Partners
Castle Creek Capital Partners is a San Diego, California private equity firm, founded in 1990, that invests exclusively in United States community banks and financial services businesses.
Castle doctrine
Castle doctrine: common law rule, from Semayne's Case (1604), removing the duty to retreat when defending oneself with force, including deadly force, inside one's own home; distinct from stand-your-ground laws, which extend no-retreat to public places.
Castle Harlan
Castle Harlan is a New York-based middle-market private equity firm founded in 1987 by John K. Castle and Leonard M. Harlan, with eight funds totaling about $6 billion.
Castle Mountain Internment Camp
Castle Mountain Internment Camp (Banff-Castle Mountain), a WWI Canadian internment camp in Banff National Park, Alberta, 1915-1917, holding mostly Ukrainian enemy aliens; commemorated by the 1995 Why? statue, vandalized in 2026.
Castlelake Asset-Based Private Credit
Castlelake Asset-Based Private Credit is the asset-based private credit fund program of Castlelake, a Minneapolis alternative investment firm founded in 2005, lending against aviation, consumer, small-business, and mortgage assets.
Castlelake Asset-Based Private Credit Evergreen
Castlelake Asset-Based Private Credit Evergreen is a program of three limited partnerships that pool investor capital for asset-based private credit strategies managed by Castlelake, L.P. of Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Castlelake Aviation V Stable Yield
Castlelake Aviation V Stable Yield is a private aviation investment fund managed by Minneapolis firm Castlelake, closed in 2025 with over $2 billion in commitments.
Castlelake Income Opportunities
Castlelake Income Opportunities is a series of private credit funds managed by Castlelake, a Minneapolis alternative investment firm founded in 2005 that specializes in asset-based aviation finance and specialty credit.
Castor and Pollux
Castor and Pollux (Dioscuri, Kastor and Polydeukes), twin sons of Leda in Greek and Roman myth: one mortal, one divine, sharing immortality in Gemini; patrons of sailors and horsemen with a major Roman Forum cult.
Castore
Castore is a British premium sportswear brand founded in Liverpool in 2016 by brothers Tom and Phil Beahon, headquartered in Manchester and challenging Nike, Adidas, and Puma.
Castra
Castra (singular castrum, diminutive castellum) were Roman army fortified camps, from temporary marching enclosures (castra aestiva) to permanent legionary fortresses; standardized rectangular plans described by Polybius and Hyginus, later replaced by frontier forts.
Castration anxiety
Castration anxiety, a Freudian psychoanalytic concept from the 1908 castration complex theory: a child's unconscious fear of genital loss as parental punishment, later broadened metaphorically, revised by Lacan, and criticized by feminists.
Castro de Zoñán
Castro de Zoñán (A Croa), a Galician hillfort in Mondoñedo, Lugo, on a spur over the Río Cesuras valley. First castro excavated in Galicia (1867, Villaamil y Castro); modern digs from 2002; Roman-period occupation, 7.8 ha croa.
Castro District, San Francisco
The Castro, San Francisco's historically LGBTQ neighborhood also called Eureka Valley, centered on Castro Street between Market and 19th; home of Harvey Milk's Castro Camera, the Castro Theatre, Twin Peaks Tavern, and the 2019 LGBTQ Cultural District.
Casual dating
Casual dating is dating without expecting serious commitment, distinct from hookups, booty calls, and friends-with-benefits arrangements. Key facts: Pew 2023 shows 40% of dating-app users seek casual dating; outcome research finds lower relationship quality is explained by selectivity.
Casual sex
Casual sex, also called hooking up or uncommitted sexual encounters, is sex outside a committed relationship. Covers its forms, 1960s naming, emotional outcomes research, declining rates among US young adults, and STI prevention.
Casualties of the 2026 Iran war
Casualties of the 2026 Iran war, also called the US-Israel war on Iran or Operation Epic Fury, killed roughly 7,900 people by August 2026 across Iran, Lebanon, Israel, Gulf states, and US forces, with counts disputed between officials and independent monitors.
Casualties of the Iraq War
Casualties of the Iraq War cover deaths since the 2003 invasion: at minimum 134,000 civilians (Costs of War), 162,000 documented total (Iraq Body Count), survey estimates up to 655,000, and 550,000-580,000 killed in Iraq and Syria by 2023.
Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War
Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War: military and civilian deaths and injuries since Russia's 2022 full-scale invasion. CSIS estimates ~1.2 million Russian and 500,000-600,000 Ukrainian casualties; OHCHR verifies 16,874+ civilians killed; Mediazona/BBC name 152,142+ Russian dead.
Casualties of the September 11 attacks
Casualties of the September 11 attacks: 2,976 killed overall, 2,753 at the World Trade Center; 21,905 remains recovered, about 1,654 victims identified by 2026, plus long-term illness deaths.
Casualties of the Syrian civil war
Casualties of the Syrian civil war are the deaths caused by the conflict that began in Syria in March 2011, with totals ranging past half a million.
Casualties of the Twelve-Day War
Casualties of the Twelve-Day War, the June 13–24, 2025 Israel–Iran conflict (Operation Rising Lion): Iranian deaths estimated 935 official to 1,190 (HRANA), 28 killed in Israel, plus senior commanders and nuclear scientists killed.
Casuistry
Casuistry (Latin casus, "case") is case-based moral reasoning that resolves ethical dilemmas by analogy to undisputed paradigm cases; it flourished in Catholic confession around 1450–1660, declined after Pascal's attacks, and was revived in bioethics by Jonsen and Toulmin (1988) as an alternative to principlism.
Casus belli
Casus belli, Latin for "case of war", is the act or situation a state invokes to justify war; English usage from 1840, tied to just war theory and the jus ad bellum.
Cat Jarman
Cat Jarman (Catrine Jarman, born 1982) is a Norwegian bioarchaeologist specializing in the Viking Age, Viking women, and Rapa Nui; known for Repton Great Army research, the bestseller River Kings, and The Bone Chests.
Cat Matlala
Vusimuzi "Cat" Matlala, born 1976, is a South African businessman whose Medicare24 company was awarded a R360 million SAPS health contract that was later canceled.