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Community of Portuguese Language Countries
CPLP (Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa) is the international organization of nine Portuguese-speaking states across four continents, founded 17 July 1996 in Lisbon, headquartered there, with rotating presidency and a two-year Executive Secretary mandate.
Community of practice
A community of practice (CoP) is a group whose members share a concern, set of problems, or passion, and deepen their knowledge through regular interaction, a concept developed by Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger.
Community of Sahel-Saharan States
The Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) is a regional economic community of African states around the Sahara and Sahel, founded in Tripoli in 1998 and recognized by the African Union.
Community organization
Community organization builds collective power among residents and institutions so ordinary people can act on shared problems; it began with Saul Alinsky's Back of the Yards council in Chicago and now spans health, coalitions, and digital organizing.
Community policing
Community policing: a philosophy in which police build partnerships with residents and use problem-solving to address crime, disorder, and fear. Evidence shows gains in satisfaction and legitimacy but limited crime effects; problem-oriented variants reduce crime more.
Community property
Community property is a marital property regime, of Spanish civil-law origin, under which assets acquired during marriage belong equally to both spouses. Nine US states plus Guam and Puerto Rico mandate it; Alaska, South Dakota, and Tennessee allow opt-in.
Community radio
Community radio: not-for-profit, volunteer-run local broadcasting, a third tier beside public and commercial radio. Key facts: UK ~400 stations, Australia ~450, India 540 sanctioned, origins in 1947 Bolivia.
Community radio in Asia, Africa, and Latin America
Community radio in Asia, Africa, and Latin America is not-for-profit, community-owned broadcasting that expanded rapidly in Latin America and Africa in the 1990s while Asia lagged behind.
Community radio in Europe
Community radio in Europe is a licensed, not-for-profit third tier of broadcasting defined by local ownership and community participation, recognized in only some countries, with France regulated since 1981.
Community radio in France
Community radio in France, known as radios libres or radios associatives, consists of non-commercial FM stations licensed only to non-profit associations, legalized by the law of 9 November 1981.
Community radio in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Community radio in the United Kingdom and Ireland is made up of small, not-for-profit stations serving local communities, with over 300 licensed services in the UK.
Community Reinvestment Act
The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) is a 1977 US federal law that encourages insured banks to help meet the credit needs of their local communities, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods.
Community Resources
Community resources: the financial, material, and human assets of a community (MeSH D000091444) that can improve quality of life; central to asset-based development, needs and assets assessment, and resource mapping.
Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums
Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums, or CRASH, was the Los Angeles Police Department's anti-gang units, disbanded by Chief Bernard Parks in 2000 after the Rampart corruption scandal.
Community service
Community service, also known as community payback, is unpaid work for the community imposed as a criminal penalty, typically instead of a prison sentence; it began in 1960s California.
Community Strong Australia
Community Strong Australia, an Australian political party announced 25 June 2026 by teal independents Zali Steggall and Allegra Spender, registered by the AEC on 2 October 2026; free-vote MPs fielding candidates in both houses at the 2028 federal election.
Commure
Commure is a privately held healthcare technology company in Mountain View, California, building an AI platform for revenue cycle management, clinical documentation, coding, and payments.
Commutation (law)
Commutation (law): executive clemency reducing a criminal sentence, such as death to life imprisonment, without forgiving the offense or erasing the conviction; distinct from pardon and reprieve, granted by presidents and governors.
Commutation of Stipends Edict
The Commutation of Stipends Edict (秩禄処分, chitsuroku shobun) was the Meiji government's 1876 abolition of hereditary samurai stipends, replaced with bonds worth 5 to 14 years of each stipend.
Commuting
Commuting, or the journey to work, is the regular travel between home and a workplace, treated in transport economics as a cost traded against wages and housing.
Comorian franc
The Comorian franc (franc comorien) is the currency of the Union of the Comoros, issued by the Banque Centrale des Comores and pegged to the euro.
Comorian independence movement
The Comorian independence movement was the political campaign that ended French rule over Grande Comore, Anjouan, and Mohéli, declared unilaterally on 6 July 1975, while Mayotte voted to remain with France.
Compact of Free Association
Compact of Free Association (COFA): U.S. agreements with Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau providing economic aid, defense, and migration rights in exchange for U.S. military access, renewed through 2043.
Compactata of Basel
The Compactata of Basel, in Czech Basilejská kompaktáta, were religious peace agreements between the Council of Basel and the Hussites, proclaimed at Jihlava in 1436 to end the Hussite Wars.
Compagnie de l'Odet
Compagnie de l'Odet is a French holding company listed on Euronext Paris that holds 71.6% of Bolloré SE, tracing its origins to an 1822 paper mill.
Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique
The Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique was a French chartered colonial company that settled the Lesser Antilles, founding Guadeloupe and Martinique, from 1635 until its dissolution in 1651.
Compagnies Sahariennes
The Compagnies Sahariennes were camel-mounted, later motorized, units of the French army created in 1902 to occupy and police the Saharan oases of French Algeria.
Compal Electronics
Compal Electronics (仁宝电脑) is a Taiwanese original design manufacturer of notebooks, tablets, and servers, founded in Taoyuan in 1984 and now expanding into AI server factories.
Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais
Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais, known as Cemig, is a Brazilian electric utility controlled by the state of Minas Gerais and headquartered in Belo Horizonte, founded in 1952.
Companhia Geral do Comércio do Grão-Pará e Maranhão
The General Company of Commerce of Maranhão, formally the Companhia Geral do Comércio do Grão-Pará e Maranhão, was a Portuguese monopoly trading company founded in 1755.