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Conservatism in Japan (保守)
Conservatism in Japan (保守, hoshu) is the dominant political tradition from Meiji reforms through LDP rule. Key facts: Meiji-era origins, LDP core philosophy, Takaichi's 2026 supermajority, Sanseito and Conservative Party rivals, hybrid welfare state.
Conservatism in Poland
Conservatism in Poland is a political tradition, born with the November Uprising of 1830, that sought to preserve the nation, the Catholic Church, and inherited social order.
Conservatism in the Middle East
Conservatism in the Middle East is the tradition-based political conservatism of the Arab world, distinct from Islamism, exemplified by philosopher Mohammed Jaber al-Ansari's defense of the state.
Conservatism in the United States
Conservatism in the United States: postwar political and intellectual movement blending libertarianism, traditionalism, anticommunism, neoconservatism, and the Religious Right via fusionism, from Kirk, Buckley, and Goldwater through Reagan to the MAGA era.
Conservative Democrat
A conservative Democrat is a member or backer of the Democratic Party whose positions lie right of the party mainstream, especially on fiscal matters, defense, or social issues.
Conservative Judaism
Conservative Judaism, also known as Masorti Judaism, is a major Jewish denomination that holds Jewish law binding while embracing its development, positioned between Orthodox and Reform Judaism.
Conservative liberalism
Conservative liberalism combines liberal commitments to liberty, markets, and limited government with conservative respect for tradition and gradual reform; exemplified by Hume, Smith, Burke, Guizot, and European centre-right parties like the Dutch VVD.
Conservative Party (Brazil)
The Conservative Party (Partido Conservador) was one of the two great parties of the Empire of Brazil, organized in 1837 by Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcelos around a centralizing program.
Conservative Party (Mexico)
The Conservative Party (Partido Conservador) of Mexico, founded in 1849 with Lucas Alamán's leadership, defended centralism, the Church, and the viceregal tradition against liberals; defeated in the War of Reform and the 1867 imperial collapse.
Conservative Party (Norway)
Høyre (H), the Norwegian Conservative Party, founded 1884, is a liberal-conservative non-socialist party and Norway's second-oldest; four post-war prime ministers; 24 Storting seats after 2025; led by Ine Eriksen Søreide since February 2026.
Conservative Party (South Africa)
The Conservative Party (CP; Konserwatiewe Party) was a right-wing white South African party founded 20 March 1982 in Pretoria by Andries Treurnicht after splitting from the National Party; it became official opposition in 1989 and collapsed after the 1992 referendum.
Conservative Party (UK)
Conservative Party (UK), the Tories, right-of-center British party dating from the 1834 Tory-to-Conservative transition; governed 2010-2024, then won only 121 seats in 2024; led since November 2024 by Kemi Badenoch.
Conservative Party of Canada
Conservative Party of Canada (CPC): right-wing federal party formed December 8, 2003 by merger of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservatives; led by Pierre Poilievre, Official Opposition with 144 seats after the 2025 election.
Conservative Party of New York State
The Conservative Party of New York State, founded in 1962, is a fusion-voting minor party that cross-endorses Republicans, gave Buckley his 1970 Senate win, and is chaired by Gerard Kassar.
Conservative People's Party (Germany)
Konservative Volkspartei (KVP), Conservative People's Party: short-lived German conservative party founded July 1930 by Westarp and Treviranus moderates leaving the DNVP to back Brüning; remained a splinter party.
Conservative People's Party of Estonia
Conservative People's Party of Estonia (Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond, EKRE), Estonian national-conservative, right-wing populist party founded 2012 from People's Union and Estonian Patriotic Movement; led by Martin Helme; in government 2019–2021; anti-EU, nativist, anti-immigration.
Conservative Political Action Conference
The Conservative Political Action Conference, known as CPAC, is an annual four-day conference of conservative activists and elected officials, organized by the American Conservative Union since 1974.
Conservative Republic (Chile)
The Conservative Republic (República Conservadora) is the period of Chilean history, roughly 1830 to 1861, when conservatives held uninterrupted power under the authoritarian Constitution of 1833.
Conservatoire national des arts et métiers
The Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (Cnam) is a French public institution of higher education, founded in Paris in 1794 to perfect the national industry.
Conservatorship
Conservatorship, called guardianship in some states, is a US court arrangement appointing a conservator to manage personal or financial affairs of an adult deemed unable to do so; covers LPS and probate types, alternatives, abuse concerns, and Britney Spears reform impact.
Consideration
Consideration is the exchange of value, such as mutual promises, that common law contract law requires to make a promise enforceable, separating bargains from unenforceable gifts. Also called: contract consideration; counterpart concept, civil law causa.
Consideration in English law
Consideration in English law is the price exchanged for a promise, required to enforce informal contracts. Key rules: sufficiency not adequacy, past consideration invalid, practical benefit (Williams v Roffey), part-payment rule (Foakes v Beer), promissory estoppel.
Consigliere
Consigliere (Italian "counselor") is the senior advisor rank in the Italian-American and Sicilian Mafia, part of a family's administration with the boss and underboss, typically the number-three man, mediator, and keeper of rules and traditions.
Consignment
Consignment (law): an arrangement in which a consignor delivers goods to a consignee for sale, keeping ownership until sale. Distinguished from sale or return, sale on approval, and carriage consignments; governed by UCC Articles 2 and 9.
Consistent life ethic
Consistent life ethic (seamless garment, whole life): ethical position opposing abortion, euthanasia, assisted suicide, capital punishment, and unjust war; named by Cardinal Joseph Bernardin's 1983 Fordham lecture.
Consociationalism
Consociationalism, or consociational democracy, is a theory of institutional design for divided societies, formulated by Arend Lijphart in 1969, calling for power sharing, proportionality, group autonomy, and veto rights.
Consolidated Contractors Company
Consolidated Contractors Company is a family-owned engineering and construction group founded by Palestinian entrepreneurs in Beirut in 1952 and headquartered in Athens since 1974, long described as the Middle East's largest contractor.
Consolidation (accounting)
Consolidation in accounting is the process of combining a parent company's financial statements with those of the subsidiaries it controls into a single set, eliminating intra-group transactions so only outside dealings remain.
Consolidation of Labor Laws
The Consolidation of Labor Laws (Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, CLT) is the Brazilian statute uniting labor law in one code, decreed by President Getúlio Vargas on May 1, 1943.
Consonance Capital Partners
Consonance Capital Partners is a New York private equity firm founded by four former JPMorgan Partners colleagues that invests exclusively in US lower and middle-market healthcare companies.