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Coronation wars of Ahuitzotl
The coronation wars of Ahuitzotl (Campañas de Ahuítzotl) were campaigns by Ahuitzotl, eighth ruler of Tenochtitlan, from 1486 to 1502, expanding the Aztec empire to its greatest extent.
Coroner
Coroner: a public official investigating sudden, unexplained, or violent deaths and holding inquests. From medieval England (1194, Richard I) to modern England and Wales (2009 Act, Chief Coroner, 80 areas) and US coroner versus medical examiner systems.
Coronet
Coronet (heraldry): a small archless circlet of gold marking peerage rank in British heraldry, with distinctive forms for baron (six pearls), viscount, earl, marquess, and duke (strawberry leaves), settled under Charles II.
CorpGroup
CorpGroup is a Chilean holding and family business group founded by economist Álvaro Saieh, based in Santiago and built around banking, insurance, retail, and media, including CorpBanca, SMU, and Copesa.
Corpo Truppe Volontarie
The Corpo Truppe Volontarie (Corps of Volunteer Troops) was a Fascist Italian expeditionary force of about 50,000 men that fought for Franco in the Spanish Civil War.
Corporación América
Corporación América is an Argentine business group founded by Eduardo Eurnekian, headquartered in Buenos Aires and active in airports, energy, agribusiness, wine, and construction; its airport arm operates 52 airports in six countries.
Corporación Dinant
Corporación Dinant is a family-owned Honduran conglomerate founded by Miguel Facusse Barjum in Tegucigalpa in 1960, known for snacks and palm oil and for land conflict in the Bajo Aguán valley.
Corporación Minera de Bolivia
Corporación Minera de Bolivia (COMIBOL) is the Bolivian state mining company, created in October 1952 to administer state mining after the nationalization of the large tin mines.
Corporal
Corporal, abbreviated Cpl., is a junior non-commissioned officer rank in most armies and the US Marine Corps, the first rank carrying formal command authority over soldiers.
Corporal punishment
Corporal punishment, also called physical punishment, is the infliction of physical pain as punishment, most commonly spanking or hitting children, and includes caning and flogging.
Corporal punishment in the home
Corporal punishment in the home, or parental physical discipline, is hitting or otherwise causing pain to children as discipline; an estimated 1.2 billion children experience it yearly, WHO links it to harm with no benefits, and 68 states have banned it.
Corporal punishment of children in the United States
Corporal punishment of children, or spanking and paddling, is legal for parents in all 50 US states and in public schools in 17 states after Ingraham v. Wright (1977), which medical bodies oppose.
Corporals killings
Corporals killings: murder of British Army corporals Derek Wood and David Howes, dragged from their car and shot by a crowd and the Provisional IRA after straying into Kevin Brady's IRA funeral in west Belfast on 19 March 1988, days after Michael Stone's Milltown Cemetery attack.
Corporate bond
A corporate bond is a debt security issued by a company to borrow money from investors, who receive periodic interest and repayment of principal at maturity.
Corporate communication
Corporate communication is a strategic management function coordinating all internal and external communication to build favorable reputations with stakeholder groups, and an interdisciplinary research field.
Corporate crime
Corporate crime is crime committed by businesses or their officials on the organization's behalf. Rooted in Sutherland's 1939 white-collar crime concept; covers fraud, cartels, and safety violations; enforced via identification doctrine, respondeat superior, and DPAs.
Corporate finance
Corporate finance is the subfield of finance governing how firms raise money, invest it, and return cash to owners, with the objective of maximizing firm value.
Corporate governance
Corporate governance, also known as business or company governance, is the system of rules, practices, and institutions by which companies are directed and controlled, balancing management, boards, and shareholders.
Corporate group
A corporate group, also called a business group or group of companies, is a set of legally independent companies controlled as a single economic unit by a parent company or family.
Corporate haven
A corporate haven, also called a multinational tax haven, is a jurisdiction whose laws attract company formations, like Delaware, which charters most Fortune 500 firms.
Corporate law
Corporate law: the body of law governing corporations' formation, limited liability, directors' duties, and shareholder relations; also called company law, with medieval commenda roots and modern EU, US, and OECD frameworks.
Corporate personhood
Corporate personhood: the legal fiction treating a corporation as a juridical person able to own property, contract, and sue. Covers US doctrine from Dartmouth College v. Woodward and Santa Clara (1886) to Citizens United and Hobby Lobby, EU comparison, and debates over autonomous businesses and AI personhood.
Corporate raid
Corporate raid: an attempt to seize control of a public company to sell assets or force a merger; peaked in the 1980s with junk bonds and greenmail, declined after poison pills and legal defenses; modern version is activist investing.
Corporate social responsibility
Corporate social responsibility (CSR), also known as corporate citizenship or corporate social investment, is self-regulating business conduct addressing social and environmental concerns beyond what law requires.
Corporate spin-off
A corporate spin-off, also called a spin-out, is a transaction in which a public company distributes subsidiary shares pro rata to its shareholders, creating an independent, separately traded company.
Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive
The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) is a 2022 EU directive requiring large companies to publish sustainability reports under the ESRS, replacing the 2014 Non-Financial Reporting Directive.
Corporate tax
Corporate tax, also called corporate income tax, is a tax levied on company profits, averaging 3.5% of GDP across 135 jurisdictions in 2023, with multinationals contributing nearly half.
Corporate tax in the United States
Corporate tax in the United States: federal tax on corporate net income, begun as a 1909 excise, set at a permanent 21 percent since the 2017 TCJA, with a 15 percent CAMT and state apportionment systems.
Corporate title
A corporate title is the label a company gives to a position in its management hierarchy, from CEO to invented roles like Chief Blogging Officer.
Corporate welfare
Corporate welfare is government support directed at corporations or entire industries through tax breaks, grants, subsidies, and loan guarantees, a term coined in the 1970s to counter criticism of welfare for the poor.