5,208 articles
Composting toilet
A composting toilet is a waterless or micro-flush sanitation system that decomposes human waste aerobically into humus, used where sewers, water, or suitable soil are unavailable.
Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan
The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, known as CERP, is a federal-state program, authorized in 2000, to restore water flow in the Everglades while providing flood protection.
Compressed air tunneling
Compressed air tunneling is a construction method that pressurizes the tunnel so air pressure balances groundwater pressure, first used in 1879 and now confined mainly to brief TBM face interventions.
Compressed-air working in shield tunnels
Compressed-air working in shield tunnels is the practice of pressurizing a tunnel or TBM head chamber with air to hold back groundwater and stabilize the face during excavation.
Concentric castle
Concentric castle: medieval fortress with two or more rings of curtain walls, inner wall taller than outer; exemplified by Edward I's Welsh castles (Beaumaris, Harlech, Conwy, Caernarfon) and Dover.
Concentrically braced frame
A concentrically braced frame (CBF) is a steel lateral-force-resisting system whose diagonal braces carry load through axial forces, widely used for seismic and wind design.
Concession (contract)
A concession, or concession agreement, is a long-term contract granting a private company the right to operate public infrastructure, recovering costs mainly from user payments.
Concrete
Concrete is a composite construction material made from cement, water, and sand or crushed stone, hardening through a chemical reaction; about 26 gigatonnes are produced yearly.
Concrete masonry unit
The concrete masonry unit (CMU), commonly called concrete block, is a hollow or solid block used in walls, made from a dry concrete mix and vibration-compacted.
Concrete mix design
Concrete mix design is the procedure for proportioning cement, aggregates, water, and admixtures so concrete meets specified strength, workability, and durability requirements, yielding masses per cubic meter.
Concrete slab
A concrete slab, or floor-slab, is a flat layer of plain or reinforced concrete supported on beams, walls, or the ground, serving as a floor or roof.
Concrete slump test
The concrete slump test, also called the Abrams test, measures the consistency of fresh concrete by how much a molded sample settles after the cone mold is removed.
Concrete-face rock-fill dam
A concrete-face rock-fill dam (CFRD) is an embankment dam of compacted rockfill sealed by a reinforced-concrete upstream face carrying the water load; it became common in the 1990s.
Concrete-face rockfill dam
A concrete-face rockfill dam (CFRD) is an embankment dam built almost entirely of rockfill, with a reinforced concrete upstream face as the watertight barrier, preferred for dams over 100 m.
Condit Dam removal
Condit removal was the deliberate breaching of the Condit Hydroelectric Project, a 125-foot concrete gravity dam on the White Salmon River, occurring in Washington on October 26, 2011.
Condit Hydroelectric Project
The Condit Hydroelectric Project was a 14-megawatt PacifiCorp dam on the White Salmon River in Washington State, operating from 1913 until its removal in 2012.
Cone penetration test
The cone penetration test (CPT) is an in-situ geotechnical method that pushes an instrumented steel cone into the ground to measure soil resistance and profile stratigraphy.
Confederation Bridge
The Confederation Bridge is a 12.9-kilometer toll bridge opened in 1997 that links Borden-Carleton, Prince Edward Island, to Cape Jourimain, New Brunswick, carrying the Trans-Canada Highway.
Conowingo Bridge
The Conowingo Bridge was a series of crossings of the Susquehanna River at Conowingo, Maryland; the covered wooden bridge opened in 1859 was demolished in 1927 for the Conowingo Dam.
Conselho Federal de Engenharia e Agronomia
Conselho Federal de Engenharia e Agronomia (Confea) is Brazil's federal professional regulatory council for engineering, agronomy, geology, geography, and meteorology, created in 1933 and headquartered in Brasília.
Conservatory (greenhouse)
A conservatory, also called a garden conservatory, is a glass and metal structure built as an indoor garden room for displaying plants, distinct from a greenhouse.
Consolidation grouting
Consolidation grouting is a ground-improvement technique in which cement grout is injected at low pressure into voids and cracks in shallow foundation rock, strengthening it to carry a structure, most commonly a dam.
Constantinople Convention of 1888
The Constantinople Convention of 1888 is a multilateral treaty, signed by nine powers, guaranteeing the Suez Canal free passage for all vessels in war and peace.
Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis (Κωνσταντίνος Α. Δοξιάδης)
Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis (Κωνσταντίνος Α. Δοξιάδης, 1913–1975) was a Greek architect and urban planner who founded ekistics, the science of human settlements, and designed Islamabad.
Constructability
Constructability is the optimal use of construction knowledge and experience in planning, design, procurement, and field operations to achieve overall project objectives, a concept defined by the Construction Industry Institute in 1986.
Construction
Construction is the industry that builds and maintains buildings and civil engineering works such as roads, bridges, and tunnels, employing some 220 million people worldwide.
Construction and erection of cable-stayed bridges
Construction of cable-stayed bridges erects the deck by balanced cantilever, incremental launching, or temporary supports, with stay cables tensioned in stages and construction-stage analysis controlling geometry and cable forces.
Construction dewatering
Construction dewatering is the temporary lowering of the groundwater table around an excavation so below-ground work stays stable and dry, using methods like sump pumping, wellpoints, and deepwells.
Construction documents
Construction documents are the drawings and specifications that describe a building in enough detail for permit approval, and the third design phase in American Institute of Architects practice.
Construction engineering
Construction engineering, also called construction operations, is the branch of engineering that applies analysis and design to the construction process itself, from plans and specifications through facility completion.